use a radioactive sugar injected into the bloodstream to track the activity of brain cells, which is enhanced and color- coded by a computer
New cards
2
Aerial perspective
the haziness that surrounds objects that are farther away from the viewer, causing the distance to be perceived as greater
New cards
3
Acetylcholine
is cleared out of the synapse by enzymes that break up the molecules
New cards
4
Serotonin
is associated with sleep, mood, and appetite
New cards
5
Myelin
insulates and protects the axons of neurons that travel in the body
New cards
6
Overlap (interposition):
the assumption that an object that appears to be blocking part of another object is in front of the second object and closer to the viewer
New cards
7
Dopamine
is associated with Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia
New cards
8
Contiguity
the tendency to perceive two things that happen close together in time as being related
New cards
9
Habituation
tendency of the brain to stop attending to constant, unchanging information sensory
New cards
10
Cochlea
snail- shaped structure of the inner ear that is filled with fluid.
New cards
11
Endorphins
are neural regulators that control our pain response Most neurotransmitters are taken back into the synaptic vesicles in a process called reuptake
New cards
12
Curare
is a poison that blocks its effect
New cards
13
Accommodation
as a monocular clue, the brain's use of information about the changing thickness of the lens of the eye in response to looking at objects that are close or far away
New cards
14
Synesthesia
disorder in which the signals from the various sensory organs are processed in the wrong cortical areas, resulting in the sense information being interpreted as more than one sensation
New cards
15
Parapsychology
the study of ESP, ghosts, and other subjects that do not normally fall into the realm of ordinary psychology
New cards
16
Adaptation
tendency of sensory receptor cells to become less responsive to a stimulus that is unchanging
New cards
17
thyroid gland
The is located inside the neck
New cards
18
EEG
The allows researchers to measure the electrical activity of the surface of the brain through the use of electrodes placed on the scalp
New cards
19
Afterimages
images that occur when a visual sensation persists for a brief time even after the original stimulus is removed
New cards
20
thalamus
The ________ is the relay station that sends sensory information to the proper areas of the cortex
New cards
21
Auditory canal
a short tunnel that runs from the pinna to the eardrum
New cards
22
reticular formation
The ________ runs through the medulla and the pons and controls our wakefulness and arousal
New cards
23
limbic system
The ________ consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, and the fornix
New cards
24
pancreas
The ________ controls the level of sugar in the blood by secreting insulin and glucagons
New cards
25
cortex
The ________ is the outer covering of the cerebrum and consists of a tightly packed layer of neurons about one- tenth of an inch in thickness
New cards
26
special receptors
Sensation: the process that occurs when ________ in the sense organs are activated, allowing various forms of outside stimuli to become neural signals in the brain
New cards
27
optic nerve
Blind spot: area in the retina where the axons of the three layers of retinal cells exit the eye to form the ________, insensitive to light
New cards
28
sexual growth
They secrete hormones to regulate ________, activity, and reproduction
New cards
29
gonads
The ________ are the ovaries in women and testes in men
New cards
30
sleep wake
It secretes melatonin, a hormone that influences the ________ cycle in humans and some animals in response to changes in light
New cards
31
metabolism
It controls ________ (the burning of energy) by secreting thyroxin
New cards
32
Great strides
________ are being made in spinal cord repair and the growth of new neurons in the central nervous system.
New cards
33
sexual behavior
The hypothalamus controls hunger, thirst, sleep, ________, sleeping and waking, and emotions
New cards
34
Binocular disparity
________: the difference in images between the two eyes, which is greater for objects that are close and smaller for distant objects
New cards
35
Transduction
________: the process of converting outside stimuli, such as light, into neural activity
New cards
36
Rods
________: visual sensory receptors found at the back of the retina, responsible for noncolor sensitivity to low
New cards
37
neuron
A(n) ________ contains charged particles called ions
New cards
38
Gustation
the sensation of a taste
New cards
39
Hertz (Hz)
cycles or waves per second, a measurement of frequency
New cards
40
Proximity
the tendency to perceive objects that are close to each other as part of the same grouping
New cards
41
Neurotransmitters
may be either excitatory or inhibitory
New cards
42
left temporal lobe
An area called Wernicke's area in the ________ is responsible for the understanding of language.
New cards
43
Olfaction (olfactory sense)
the sensation of smell
New cards
44
Auditory nerve
bundle of axons from the hair cells in the inner ear
New cards
45
attention
It stimulates muscles, is involved in arousal and ________, and helps in memory formation.
New cards
46
left frontal lobe
An area called Broca's area in the ________ is responsible for producing fluent, understandable speech.
New cards
47
MRI scans--->
use a magnetic field and a computer to give researchers an even more detailed look at the structure of the brain
New cards
48
GABA
is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter; high amounts of GABA are released when drinking alcohol
New cards
49
CT scans
are computer-aided X- rays of the brain and show a great deal of brain structure
New cards
50
spinal column
The medulla is at the very bottom of the brain and top of the ________
Studied by 2 people
