4th Year MIDTERMS | Life & Works of Rizal (Chapter 7 - 12)

Episcopal Visitation

An official pastoral visit conducted by the bishop on a diocese to examine the conditions of a congregation; often done once every three years.

Garrote

An apparatus used for capital punishment in which an iron collar is tightened around a condemned person’ neck.

Polo

A system of forced labor that required Filipino males from 16 to 60 years old to render service for a period of 40 days.

Regular Clergy

Priests who belong to religious orders.

Secular Clergy

Priests who do not belong to religious orders and are engaged in pastoral work.

Tributo

System of taxation imposed by the Spanish colonial government on the Filipinos in order to generate resources for the maintenance of the colony.

Cavite Mutiny

It was a movement of opposition to the decree of the abolition of Filipino Soldiers and the Workers exemption from tributes (tributo) and forced labors (polo).

The Spaniard Government used this as a means to suppress the increasing calls for more liberal administrations

January 20, 1872

Cavite Mutiny

250 Soldiers

Approximate number of soldiers who joined the Cavite Mutiny. (Expected waws close to 2,000)

Cavity Mutiny Plan

The Reality of Cavity Mutiny

The mutiny in Cavite began earlier in the evening and many of those who pledged support defected and vowed loyalty to Spain. 11 Spaniards were killed but an immediate assault led by government forces put an end to the uprising after three days.

Five Orders of Regular Priests

Augustinians

Discalced Franciscans

Jesuits

Dominicans

Augustinian Recollects

Omnimoda Bull

Established by Pope Adrian that conflicts the reforms established in the Council of Trent in 1522.

Bishop vs Provincial Superiors

Who granted the discretionary power for the Omnimoda Bull during the refusal of Episcopal Visits?

King Philip II

En Viva Conquista Espiritual

Filipinos are not yet ready to be turned over to the secular clergy.

Economy in Nature

Refusal of the Regular Clergy to give large profits to the seculars.

Refusal of Episcopal

Omnimoda Bull by Pope Adrian VI

The Discretionary Power Granted by King Philip II

The Issue of Conflicting Orders

• The Bishop vs. The Provincial Superiors

The Management of the Parishes

Maintained control of the Regular Priests due to scarcity of Secular Priest

En Viva Conquista Espiritual

Economy in Nature

Filipino Secular Clergy were Unqualified and Incompetent

Secularization Merchant

After the efforts of Fr. Mariano Gomez and Fr. Pedro Pelaez

failed, the struggle took on a different tone towards 1860s:

secularization was no longer limited to questions of merit and

competence. In 1864, this led to racial equality.

GomBurZa

Fr. Jose Burgos

Fr. Mariano Gomez

Fr. Jacinto Zamora

Condemnation of GOMBURZA

February 15, 1872

Death of GOMBURZA

February 17, 1872

Ordered the Death of GOMBURZA

Governor-General Izquierdo

Cortes

The legislative or lawmaking body of the Spanish government.

Creole

A Spaniard born in the Philippines

Mestizo

An individual born of mixed ancestry; may refer to a Spanish mestizo or a Chinese mestizo.

Propaganda

Information used to promote or publicize a particular cause or point of view.

Restoration

Refers to the Spanish Restoration; a period in Spanish history spanning the years 1874 - 1931 that saw the restoration of a monarchy under Alfonso XII together with the establishment of bicameral legislature.