Chapter 10B Acid Base Properties

Arrhenius acids

Produce hydrogen ions (H+) or hydronic ions (H3O+)

Bronstead-lowry acids

Donate a proton (H+)

Lewis acids

Accept electron pairs

Amphoteric

Can act as an acid or a base

Arrhenius bases

Produce hydroxide ions (OH-)

Bronstead lowry bases

Accept protons (H+)

Lewis bases

Donate e- pairs

Conjugate acids and bases

HCl + H2O —> H3O+ + Cl-

A B CA CB

Given NH3, conjugate acid = ? and conjugate base = ?

Conjugate acid = NH4+

Conjugate base = NH2–

pH of an acid

pH less than 7

neutral pH

pH of 7

pH of a base

pH > 7

Names of bases

“‘Metal’ hydroxide”, barring some exceptions

Names of acids (like HCl)

hydro-nonmetal-ic acid

Names of acids with polyatomic ions

polyatomic ending with “-ate” = polyatomic’s name-ic acid

polyatomic ending with “-ite” = polyatomic’s name-ous acid

Titration formula

(Vbase)(M) = mol base

moles acid = moles base

molA/V acid = M acid

Acid litmus paper color

Red

Base litmus paper color

Blue

Phenolphthalein acid color

colorless

Phenolphthalein base color

Red (PPTH)

BTB acid color

yellow

BTB base color

blue (BTB)

Universal indicator acid color

Red (UI)

Universal indicator base color

Purple

Electrical conductivity of an acid or base

High electrical conductivity

Base reaction with metal

No reaction

Acid reaction with metal

Reactive; forms a metal salt and hydrogen gas