Period 6 APUSH anchor list

J. P. Morgan

An influential banker and financier who played a key role in the reorganization of several major industries and the creation of General Electric and U.S. Steel.

Andrew Carnegie

A steel magnate who led the expansion of the American steel industry and is known for his philanthropy, particularly in libraries and education.

John D. Rockefeller

Founder of the Standard Oil Company, he became one of the richest individuals in history and is known for his role in the development of the petroleum industry.

Eugene V. Debs

A labor leader and socialist who co-founded the Industrial Workers of the World and ran for President of the United States five times.

Jane Addams

A social reformer and activist who co-founded Hull House in Chicago, which provided social services to immigrants and the poor.

Jacob Riis

A journalist and social reformer known for his work in exposing the living conditions of the urban poor in New York City through photography and writing.

Upton Sinclair

An author and social activist best known for his novel 'The Jungle,' which exposed the harsh conditions and exploitation in the meatpacking industry.

W.E.B. DuBois

An African American sociologist, historian, and civil rights activist who co-founded the NAACP and advocated for the rights of African Americans.

Teddy Roosevelt

The 26th President of the United States, known for his progressive policies, trust-busting efforts, and conservation of natural resources.

Susan B. Anthony

A prominent women's rights activist who played a crucial role in the women's suffrage movement in the United States.

Gilded Age

A period in U.S. history from the 1870s to about 1900 characterized by rapid economic growth, industrialization, and social issues, including inequality and corruption.

Horizontal Integration

A business strategy where a company acquires or merges with its competitors to increase market share and reduce competition.

Vertical Integration

A business strategy where a company controls multiple stages of production, from raw materials to final product distribution.

Laissez-Faire Capitalism

An economic system where the government minimizes its involvement in the economy, allowing businesses to operate freely.

Captains of Industry/Robber Barons

Terms used to describe powerful business leaders of the Gilded Age, with 'Captains of Industry' suggesting positive contributions and 'Robber Barons' implying exploitation.

Bread and Butter Issues

Basic economic concerns of workers, such as wages, working conditions, and job security.

Haymarket Square Riot

A violent confrontation in 1886 in Chicago that began as a peaceful labor rally advocating for an eight-hour workday but escalated into a riot.

Homestead Strike

A 1892 labor strike at the Homestead Steel Works in Pennsylvania that turned violent when workers protested wage cuts.

Pullman Strike

A nationwide railroad strike in 1894 that began at the Pullman Company and escalated into a major confrontation between labor and the federal government.

Knights of Labor

An early labor organization that sought to unite all workers and advocated for social reforms, including the eight-hour workday.

American Federation of Labor

A national federation of labor unions in the United States that focused on skilled workers and aimed to improve wages and working conditions.

Ellis Island

An immigration station in New York Harbor where millions of immigrants were processed from 1892 to 1954.

Nativism

A political policy favoring the interests of native-born inhabitants over those of immigrants.

Social Darwinism

A belief that the principles of natural selection and survival of the fittest apply to human societies, often used to justify social inequality.

Chinese Exclusion Act

A federal law enacted in 1882 that prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers to the United States.

Gospel of Wealth

An essay by Andrew Carnegie that argued wealthy individuals have a moral obligation to distribute their wealth for the greater good of society.

Social Gospel Movement

A religious movement that emerged in the late 19th century advocating for social justice and reform based on Christian ethics.

Populist Party

A political party formed in the 1890s that represented the interests of farmers and laborers, advocating for economic reforms.

Bi-mentalism

A term referring to the belief in the dual standard of currency, particularly in the context of the gold and silver debate.

The 'Cross of Gold' speech

A famous speech delivered by William Jennings Bryan at the 1896 Democratic National Convention advocating for the free coinage of silver.

Tammany Hall

A political organization in New York City known for its influence in local politics and its association with corruption and patronage.

Progressivism

A social and political movement in the early 20th century aimed at addressing issues caused by industrialization, urbanization, and corruption.

17th Amendment

An amendment to the U.S. Constitution that established the direct election of U.S. Senators by popular vote.

18th Amendment

An amendment that prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages in the United States, leading to Prohibition.

19th Amendment

An amendment to the U.S. Constitution that granted women the right to vote.

The Square Deal

President Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program that aimed to protect the interests of workers, consumers, and businesses.

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

A federal law enacted in 1890 aimed at preventing monopolies and promoting competition in business.

Socialism

An economic and political system advocating for collective or governmental ownership of the means of production and distribution of goods.

The Gilded Age

A term used to describe the late 19th century in America, marked by economic growth, industrialization, and social issues.