thermal energy concepts

thermal energy, sum, molecules

the ____ of an object is the ___of the kinetic and potential energy of all the _____ in it

temperature, average, molecules

the ____ of an object is a measurement directly related to the _____ kinetic energy of the ____ in it

heat

the transfer of thermal energy due to a difference in temperature is called _____

heat, enter

in order to heat something up, ___ needs to _____ it

heat, leave

in order to cool something off, ____ needs to ___ it

conduction, collision

____ is the form of heat transfer where thermal energy is transmitted through the ___ of particles

convection, fluid

______ is the form of heat transfer where thermal energy moves upward due to the buoyancy of the ____ that contains it

radiation, vacuum

____ is the form of heat transfer where thermal energy is transmitted through electromagnetic waves. this form of heat transfer can even travel through a _____

thermal equilibrium, temperature

heat flows between objects until _____ occurs. this is when the objects have reached the same ____

absolute zero, at rest, zero

the lowest possible temperatures is preferred to as ___. this is when all the particles of a substance would be ___ and would be measures as ___ on the kelvin scale

negative

a temperature measured in the kelvin can never be _____

specific heat, harder

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________ is the term for the amount of thermal energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance 1 degree Celsius. the larger the value, the ____ it is to heat up the substance

heat of fusion, heat of vaporization

the amount of thermal energy is required to melt 1kg of a substance that is already at the melting point is preferred to as its ____, while the amount of thermal energy required to vaporize 1kg of a substance that is already at the boiling point is referred to as its _____

first law of thermodynamics, heat, work

the ____ is a consequence of conservation of energy. it shows that you can change the thermal energy of a substance by adding ____ and by doing ____

entropy

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____ is the measure of disorder in a system

second law of thermodynamics, entropy, entropy, work

the ____ shows that natural processes tend to increase the ___ of the universe. if the ____ of a system is to be deceased, ___ must be done

thermal expansion, increases

during ___, as a material heats up, the spaces between the particles increase, causing the material to increase in size. when this process takes place in solid materials, the holes and gaps in the material also ___ in size. the opposite occurs when the material cools off

heat engine, thermal

A ____ is something that converts ____ energy to mechanical energy