BANKS WINTER TERM #2 HOT SLIDES

Explain what nerves comes off the Maxillary nerve (V2) of the Trigeminal nerve to innervate the oral cavity?

-Maxillary Nerve continues and becomes infra-orbital nerve

-Posterior, Middle, and Anterior Superior Alveolar nerves branch of maxillary nerve.

-Greater Palatine and Nasal Palatine

Explain what nerves comes off the Mandibular nerve (V3) of the Trigeminal nerve to innervate the oral cavity?

-Lingual Nerve branches off and runs behind the body of the mandible

-Buccal Branch comes off up high and Masseteric below

-Meningeal branch off up high

-Inferior Alveolar nerve runs through foramen

-Mental, Incisive and Inferior Alveolar nerve branches come off anteriorly

Where does the zygomatic nerve branch from?

Branches off the Maxillary nerve.

Where does the nerve to the tensor veli palatini muscle branch from?

Brnahces off the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve

What foramen does the meningeal branch of the mandibular division of trigeminal nerve travel through?

Foramen Spinosum

What nerve innervates the sensation of mandibular posterior tooth pulp, PDL, and Alveolar process?

Dental Branches of the inferior alveolar nerve

What nerve innervates the sensation of mandibular anterior (and some of premolar 1) tooth pulp, PDL, and Alveolar process?

Incisive Branch of the inferior alveolar nerve

What nerve innervates the sensation of mandibular molar buccal gingiva?

Buccal Branch

What nerve innervates the sensation of the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Lingual Nerve

What nerve innervates the sensation of the floor of the mouth and inferior lingual gingiva?

Lingual Nerve

What nerve innervates the sensation of maxillary anterior tooth pulp, PDL, and alveolar bone?

Anterior superior alveolar nerve

What nerve innervates the sensation of maxillary premolar (and partial 1st molar) tooth pulp, PDL, and alveolar bone?

Middle Superior Alveolar nerve

What nerve innervates the sensation of maxillary molar tooth pulp, PDL, and alveolar bone?

Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve

What nerve innervates the anterior lingual gingiva of the maxilla?

Nasopalatine Nerve

What nerve innervates the posterior lingual gingiva of the maxilla?

Greater Palatine Nerve

What nerve innervates the sensation of maxillary anterior buccal mucosa?

Anterior Superior Alveolar Nerve and Infra-orbital nerve

What nerve innervates the sensation of maxillary premolar buccal mucosa?

Infra orbital nerve and middle superior alveolar nerve

What nerve innervates the sensation of maxillary molar buccal mucosa?

Posterior superior alveolar nerve

What ganglion do sensory fibers of the hard palate pass through?

Pass through the pterygopalatine ganglion as branches of the maxillary nerve

What is the primary blood supply to the oral palate?

The branches off the descending palatine artery (3rd part of maxillary artery)

-Greater Palatine artery

-Lesser Palatine Artery

What foramen does the greater palatine artery extend through to innervate the palate?

Greater Palatine Foramen

What artery do small branches of the lesser palatine artery anastomose with in the palate?

Ascending palatine Artery

What nerve provides motor innervation of the tongue?

-Hypoglossal innervates all intrinsic muscles

-Hypoglossal innervates 3/4 extrinsic tongue muscles

What is the one tongue muscle that is not innervated by the hypoglossal nerve for motor function?

Palatoglossus- An extrinsic tongue muscle

-Instead it is innervated by the vagus nerve via pharyngeal plexus

What nerve innervates the anterior 2/3 of the tongue for taste sensation?

Facial Nerve via chorda tympani

What nerve innervates the posterior 1/3 of the tongue for taste sensation?

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

What nerve innervates the posterior 1/3 of the tongue for general sensation?

Glossopharyngeal Nerve

What nerve innervates the epiglottis for general and taste sensation?

Vagus Nerve

What is the order of structures that make up the roof of the nasal cavity?

Anterior to posterior

-Lateral Nasal Cartilages

-Nasal Bones

-Nasal Spine of the Frontal Bone

-Cribriform Plate of the Ethmoid Bone

-Anterior and Inferior aspects of the Sphenoid Bone

What forms the floor of the nasal cavity?

Hard Palate

What bones contribute to the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

-Nasal Bones

-Maxilla

-Lacrimal

-Ethmoid Bone

-Palatine

-Sphenoid

-Inferior Concha

What bone contributes in forming the middle and superior concha?

Medial extensions of the ethmoid bone

What bones contribute to the superior border of the inferior concha from anterior to posterior?

-Maxilla

-Lacrimal

-Ethmoid

-Palatine

What is the name of the space above and behind the superior concha?

Sphenoethmoidal recess

What are the meatus in the nasal cavity?

The space below each of the concha.

What are the two nerves that innervate that lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

-Inferior posterolateral nasal nerve

-Superior posterolateral nasal nerve

(Both from the maxillary division)

What ganglion does the superior posterolateral nasal nerve extend from?

Pterygopalatine ganglion

What region of the nasal cavity does the Superior posterolateral nasal nerve innervate?

Posterior 2/3 of the lateral wall

What region of the nasal cavity does the Inferior posterolateral nasal nerve innervate?

Inferoposterior part of lateral wall.

What area of the nasal cavity does the nasal branches of the anterior superior alveolar nerve innervate?

-Mucosa of the anterior portion of the inferior meatus

(Part of the maxillary division)

What area of the nasal cavity does the nasal branches of infraorbital nerve innervate?

External= skin of the ala

Internal= The skin of the vestibule

(Part of Maxillary Division)

What area of the nasal cavity does the anterior ethmoidal nerve innervate?

Internal= Lateral nasal wall, septum

External= external nose.

(Part of Opthalamic Division)

What foramen does the nasopalatine nerve initially pass through?

Sphenopalatine foramen

What is the function of arteries in the nasal cavity?

Alter humidity and temperature of the respired air

What are the terms that describes the submucosa of the nasal cavity enlarging and shrinking due to changes in blood flow?

Erectile or Cavernous

What are the 3 important arteries found in the nasal cavity?

-Anterior Ethmoidal Branch (from ophthalmic artery)

-Sphenopalatine branch (from maxillary artery)

-Small Nasal Branches (from facial and infraorbital arteries)

What structures are found under the superior meatus in the nasal cavity?

Orfices of posterior ethmoid air cells

Semilunar Hiatus

An opening that sits under the middle meatus in the nasal cavity and opesn to the maxillary sinus.

What are the structures that are found below the middle meatus of the nasal cavity?

Frontonasal duct- Drains frontal sinus and anterior ethmoid cells

Semilunar Hiatus- Opening to the maxillary sinus

Ethmoid Bulla- Opening of the Middle Ethmoid Cells

What are the structures that are found below the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity?

Nasolacrimal Duct

How many foramina/fissures enter the pterygopalatine fossa?

7

What direction does the Pterygomaxillary fissure lead out of the pterygopalatine fossa?

Lateral

What regions does the ptergomaxillary fissure connect?

Connects the pterygopalatine fossa to the more lateral infratemporal fossa.

What structures run through the pterygomaxillary fissure?

-3rd part of Maxillary Artery

-Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve, Vein, and Artery

What 3 formina open posteriorly to the pterygopalatine fossa?

-Foramen rotundum

-Pterygoid Canal

-Palatovaginal Canal

What structures run through the foramen rotundum?

-Maxillary Nerve

What structures run through the pterygoid canal?

-Nerve of pterygoid Canal

-Artery and Vein of the pterygoid canal

What two nerves form the nerve of the pterygoid canal?

-Greater petrosal nerve

-Deep petrosal nerve

What regions does the Palatovaginal canal connect?

Connects the pterygopalatine fossa to the nasopharynx

What structures run through the palatovaginal canal?

-Maxillary Nerve Pharyngeal Branches

What formina opens anteriorly to the pterygopalatine fossa?

-Inferior Orbital Fissure w/ an infraorbital groove

What structures run through the inferior orbital fissure?

-Infraorbital Nerve (from maxillary nerve)

-Zygomatic Nerve (from maxillary nerve)

-Infraorbital nerve and artery

What regions does the inferior orbital fissure connect?

Pterygopalatine fossa to the orbit

What formina opens inferiorly to the pterygopalatine fossa?

-Greater Palatine Canal w/ a lesser palatine canal

What structures run through the greater palatine foramen?

-Greater Palatine nerve and artery

-Lesser Palatine nerve and artery

What formina opens superiorly to the pterygopalatine fossa?

Sphenopalatine Foramen

What structures run through the sphenopalatine foramen?

-Nasopalatine nerve

-Sphenopalatine artery and vein

How many branches of the maxillary nerve is there?

17

How many portions of the maxillary nerve is there?

5

What are the 5 portions of the maxillary nerve?

-Intercranial

-Pterygopalatine

-Infraorbital

-Facial

-Pterygopalatine Ganglion

What nerves branch of the intercranial portion of the maxillary nerve?

Meningeal Branches (sensory to the meninges)

What nerves branch of the pterygopalatine portion of the maxillary nerve?

-Ganglionic Branches

-Zygomatic nerve

-Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve

What nerves branch of the infraorbital portion of the maxillary nerve?

-Infrorbital nerve

-Middle Superior Alveolar Nerve

-Anterior Superior Alveolar Nerve

What nerves branch of the facial portion of the maxillary nerve?

-Inferior palpebral Branches

-Nasal Branches

-Superior Labial Branches

What nerves branch of the pterygopalatine ganglion portion of the maxillary nerve?

-Greater Palatine

-Lesser Palatine

-Nasopalatine

-Posterolateral nasal branches

-Pharyngeal Branches

-Orbital Branches

-Nerve of the pterygoid Canal

What artery does the greater petrosal nerve pass under?

Internal Carotid Artery

Greater Petrosal nerve

-A parasympathetic branch of the facial nerve.

-Carries innervation to all glands above the oral fissure

(Lacrimal , Salivary, mucous glands

Deep petrosal nerve

-A sympathetic nerve of the internal carotid plexus

Carries innervation to blood vessels.

What are the 6 branches given off by the maxillary nerve in the pterygopalatine fossa to travel with corresponding nerves?

-Descending Palatine Artery

-Posterior Superior Alveolar artery

-Infraorbital artery

-Sphenopalatine artery (Lateral nasal cavities)

-Artery of the pterygoid canal (tympanic cavity)

-Pharyngeal Branches (Nasopharynx and sphenoid sinus)

What region of the developing mouth does the 4 upper incisor teeth arise from?

The premaxillary segment which is formed by the primary palate

What regions of the tongue does the 1st pharyngeal arch give rise to?

-Median tongue bud/swelling

-Lateral lingual swellings (Overgrow the median)

-Forms the anterior 2/3 of the tongue (lateral swellings)

What regions of the tongue does the 2nd pharyngeal arch give rise to?

-Forms midline swelling (Copula)

-Creates the copula which persists as the anterior 2/3 taste sensation via chorda tympani

What regions of the tongue does the 3rd and 4th pharyngeal arch give rise to?

-Forms midline swelling called hypopharyngeal eminence

-Overgrows copula to form posterior 1/3 of tongue

-No facial nerve general sensation

-Epiglottis develops posterior to eminence

What pharyngeal arches form the bulk of the tongue mucosa?

1st and 3rd

What germal layer do all the muscles of the tongue derive from?

Mesoderm (Occipital Somites)

What nerve provides taste and general sensation to the epiglottis?

Superior laryngeal of the vagus nerve

Pharyngeal Raphe

The midline posterior seam where the pharyngeal constrictor muscles attach bilaterally.

Pharyngobasilar fascia

The irregular C-shaped line of attachment between the superior margin of the pharynx and the base of the skull.

What are the 3 bones of the skull that the pharyngeal constrictor muscles attach to?

-Medial Pterygoid plate of the Sphenoid

-Petrous part of Temporal

-Occipital (Pharyngeal Tubercle)

What is the function of the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

Elevate the pharyngeal wall during swallowing.

What are the 3 longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

-Salpinopharyngeus

-Palatopharyngeus

-Stylopharyngeus

What nerves innervate the general sensation of the salpingopharyngeus muscle?

Pharyngeal branches of the vagus nerve

What nerves innervate the general sensation of the palatopharyngeus muscle?

Pharyngeal branches of the vagus nerve

What nerves innervate the general sensation of the stylopharyngeus muscle?

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Opening of Pharyngotympanic Tube

An opening into the auditory tube, found in the nasopharynx

Torus Tubaris

A structure found in the nasopharynx that has an elevation of lymphoid tissue found in the submucosa.

Pharyngeal Tonsils

Structure found in the nasopharynx. Lymphoid tissue that sits behind the pharyngeal recess

Salpingopharyngeal Fold

A vertical fold that covers the salpinogpharyngeus muscle on the lateral wall of the pharynx. It opens to the pharyngeal orfice of the pharyngotympanic tube

Pharyngeal Recess

A vertical gutter found behind the salpingopharyngeus fold in the nasopharynx.

Salpingopalatine Fold

The fold that covers the Tensor vali palatini muscle within the nasopharynx.