In a proportional representation system (PR), there is a large geographic constituency (perhaps even the entire country) that will elect a large number of representatives.
Proportional representation (PR) an election system for a legislature that gives each political party a percentage of seats in the legislature approximately equal to the percentage of the vote the party received in the election
Proportional Representation systems give parties seats based on the percent of vote they receive.
Single-member-district systems give seats only to the candidate with the most votes in each district.
Single-member-district (SMD) an election system in which one representative is chosen to represent each geographic constituency in a legislature
A coalition government occurs when parties “team” together to choose a government (likely a prime minister and cabinet), and compromise with each other on a policy agenda for the legislative session.
Single-member-district systems divide the country into many constituencies, each of which will allow one “single member” to represent the constituency in the legislature.
Proportional systems tend to create multiparty democracies.
Single-member-district systems tend to create two-party systems.
Coalition government in parliamentary systems, a situation where multiple parties partner to construct a majority and form a government
First-past-the-post (FPTP) an election system in which the candidate with the most votes wins representation of a geographic district in the legislature; losing candidates or parties do not receive any representation
Two-party system a system in which two large, broad-based ideological parties are the only meaningful competitors for control of the government, though minor parties may still run and win small amounts of representation