modules 23-25 quiz

psychoactive drug

psychoactive drug

a chemical substance that alters perception and mood

hallucinogen

psychadelic drugs like LSD that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images

barbiturates

depress CNS activity and prescribed to reduce anxiety or induce sleep. large doses can impair memory and judgement

opiates

includes opium and its derivatives. depress neural activity and lessen pain and anxiety

narcotics

any drug that will reduce pain. examples are morphine, opium, heroin, and methadone

withdrawal

discomfort and distress that follow stopping use of an addictive drug

ecstasy (MDMA)

synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. produces euphoria and social intimacy but health risks and harm to serotonin-producing neurons

LSD

powerful hallucinogenic drug, sometimes known as acid

amphetamines

stimulate neural activity, speed up body functions and associated energy and mood changes

stimulants

drugs like caffeine, nicotine, and powerful amphetamines that excite neural activity and speed up body functions

marijuana

mild hallucinogen—enhanced sensation, pain relief, time distortion, and relaxation

depressants

drugs like alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

psychological dependence

psychological need for a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions

tolerance

diminishing effect with regular doses of a drug, requiring larger and larger doses

cocaine

stimulant that causes a rush of euphoria, confidence, and energy. can also produce cardiovascular stress, suspiciousness, and a depressive crash

THC

major active ingredient in marijuana. triggers hallucinations

physical dependence

a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms

near-death experience

altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death

circadian

about 24 hours

infradian

more than 24 hours

ultradian

less than 24 hours

jet lag and shift work

impact circadian rhythm

beta

awake and alert brain waves

alpha

awake and drowsy brain waves

theta

NREM-1 brain waves

sleep spindles and k-complexes

NREM-2 brain waves

delta

NREM-3 and 4 brain waves

beta

REM sleep brain waves

insomnia

a frequent inability/difficulty to fall asleep or experience restorative sleep

narcolepsy

excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden episodes of muscle weakness, sleep paralysis, and hallucinations

sleep apnea

pauses in breathing or shallow breathing during sleep, leading to disrupted sleep patterns

REM sleep behavior disorder

individuals physically act out their dreams in REM sleep and lose muscle paralysis

somnambulism

also known as sleepwalking, typically occurring during NREM sleep stages

sleep deprivation

results in memory and learning problems, changes in endocrine functioning, depression, and REM rebound

night terrors

causes a person to suddenly wake up in a state of intense fear