which of the endocrine organs can effectively control the pituitary gland
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hormones
chemical messengers released directly into the bloodstream, with the ability to affect cells for hours or days are called
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set point
a standard level, known as what is necessary to maintain the body's homeostasis
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cortisol
one way in which the body will cope with increased stress is to increase the secretion of
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antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
which hormone is responsible for decreased urination
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pituitary
what is divided into a posterior and anterior segment
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pituitary
a stature disorder in which the body produces either too much or too little growth hormone is a disorder of which endocrine gland?
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thyroid
T3 and T4, hormones necessary for cell metabolism, are produced in what gland
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pancreas
what gland is important in regulating blood glucose
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adrenal
which gland is located above each kidney
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diabetes mellitus
what is the name of the condition in which the body is not producing adequate amounts of insulin
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gain, loss
Cushing's disease causes weight \__________ and Graves' causes weight \_________
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saliva
the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine into the bloodstream increases all of these except
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oxytocin
A woman is in labor but the uterine contractions stop. This could be caused by insufficient what
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Treatment of diabetes mellitus
a calculated diet and exercise, insulin administration if needed, blood and urine testing
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gigantism
Hypersecretion of GH that causes overgrowth of the hands and feet, abnormal thickening of the bones of the face and excessive overgrowth of soft tissue, occurring in ADULTS is called
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pituitary gland
the master gland of the endocrine system is
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Cushing's syndrome
the syndrome caused by over secretion of the adrenal cortex resulting in excessive cortisol is called
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dwarfism
hyposecretion of GH
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oxytocin
it causes the contractions of the uterus during labor, it is one of the few hormone that is regulated by positive feedback, it stimulates "milk letdown" in nursing mothers
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adrenal medulla
it responds to stimuli from the sympathetic nervous system, it helps produce the "fight or flight" response, it releases epinephrine
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thymus
it is an endocrine gland, it produces thymosin, it is important in the body's immune system
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pineal gland
it is located in the brain, it produces melatonin, it helps regulate the body's biological clock
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hypoglycemia
all of the following are symptoms of cushing's syndrome except
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Hashimoto's disease
fatigue, feeling cold, dry skin, brittle nails are all symptoms of which disease
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nervousness
early symptoms of hypoglycemia
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dwarfism
in children, failure to attain normal height is a symptom of what
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endocrine glands
secrete messengers directly into the blood stream
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thyroid hormones
the addition of iodine to table salt helps make sure people get enough dietary iodine produce what
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true
melatonin is released by the pineal gland
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true
ovaries secrete estrogen
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false
glucagon lowers blood sugar
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true
cortisol is secreted by the adrenal gland
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true
prolactin stimulates milk production
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true
restlessness is a sign of hyperthyroidism
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false
hypoglycemia is high blood sugar
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false
glucagon takes glucose from the bloodstream
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true
hyperglycemia can cause kidney damage over time
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false
the hormone melatonin levels rise during the day
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true
the endocrine system is much slower than the nervous system
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true
calcitonin is produced in the thyroid
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true
the parathyroid glands are found in the neck
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true
cushing's syndrome and addison's disease have opposite pathophysiology
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false
type 2 diabetes is an autoimmune disease
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false
type 1 diabetes does not cause hyperglycemia
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false
many endocrine disorders caused by under secretion can be treated with hormone replacement therapy
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false
the positive feedback mechanism of hormone regulation is the most common form of feedback in the endocrine system
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GH
controls growth of the body
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ACTH
stimulates adrenal gland to secrete hormones due to stress
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TSH
stimulates thyroid to secrete T3/T4
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LH
stimulates estrogen/progesterone in ovaries and testosterone in testes
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oxytocin
stimulates uterine contractions
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ADH
causes kidneys to retain water
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PRL
causes milk production in the breasts
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epinephrine
causes blood vessels to constrict
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thymus
helps fight infection, produces T cells
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thyroid
impacts all cell metabolism, produces calcitonin
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parathyroid
increases blood levels of calcium
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pancreas
production and release of insulin
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pituitary
sends chemical messengers to glands to maintain homeostasis
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pineal
produces melatonin
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3 tabs
Dr. Andy Crin orders the corticosteroid dexamethasone at a dose of 1.5 mg for an asthmatic patient. The tablets are each labeled 0.5 mg. How many should the patient receive in a dose?
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50 mL
Dr. Lois Sugar orders 25 g of dextrose 50% IV for a hypoglycemia patient. A premixed syringe with a concentration of 25g/50ml is available. How many ml should be administered?
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false
GNRH instructs the pituitary to stop releasing growth hormone
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true
TRH stimulates the pituitary to release thyroid stimulating hormones
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false
insulin is released from the pancreas and tells the liver to convert glycogen to glucose
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cushing's disease
caused by too much cortisol
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hashimoto's disease
caused by too little thyroid hormone
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addison's disease
caused by too little cortisol
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graves's disease
caused by too much thyroid hormone
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true
patients with type 1 or type 2 can both experience hyperglycemia
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ADH
which of the following is not secreted by the anterior pituitary
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increased urination
signs of hyperglycemia include which of the following