ALKALINE EARTH METALS

Beryllium

extremely toxic, no therapeutic use, used in the manufacture of fluorescent lamps

Magnesium

lightest of all structurally important metal

Magnesium

major physiologic ion found in chlorophyll

Magnesium

2nd most abundant INTRAcellular cation in the cell

In Mg, Natural Calcium Channel Blocker

important in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases

Insoluble Magnesium Compounds

gastric antacid, neutralize acid in the stomach

Magnesium compounds/component of

Grignard’s reagent

Magnesium

constituent of bones and teeth

Magnesium pharmacologic action

laxative, depressant, natural calcium channel blocker

Magnesium industrial use

manufacture of flames

Calcium gluconate (C12H22CaO14)

antidote to Magnesium sulfate toxicity given intravenously

Natural Sources as silicates

talc, asbestos

Natural Sources as carbonates

magnesite, dolomite

Natural Sources as sulfates

kieserite

Magnesium carbonate

MgCO3, use as an antacid

Magnesium Carbonate synonym

magnesia

Magnesium hydroxide

Mg(OH)2; cathartic agent

Magnesium hydroxide synonyms

milk of magnesia, magnesia magma

Magnesium hydroxide container

Blue bottle

Magnesium sulfate

MgSO4; anticonvulsant → IM anti inflammatory cathartic → PO antidote for Barium toxicity

Magnesium sulfate synonym

epsom salt

Magnesium stearate

tablet lubricant

Magnesium Oxide

suspended in water as milk of magnesia for hyperacidity, mild laxative, component of the Universal Antidote

Magnesium Oxide synonym

calcined magnesia

Universal Antitode

MAT

M

Magnesium Oxide

A

Activated Charcoal

T

Tonic oxide

24Mg

used in research involving photosynthesis

Magnesium trisilicate

antacid → prolong effect due to the gelatinous consistency of the preparation

Hydrated magnesium silicate

known as SOFTEST MINERAL adsorbent, filtering aid, clarifying agent, dusting powder

Hydrated magnesium silicate synonym

tals, soapstone, french chalk

Magnesium citrate synonym

lemoda purganti, purgative lemon

Magnesium citrate use

cathartic

Calcium

most abundant cation in the body, causes permanent hardness of water

Calcium Pharmacologic Action

Vitamin D is needed for Ca2+ absorption, significant role in neurotransmitter release, blood coagulation

Hydroxyapatite

major constituent of bones in feet

Calcium therapeutic categories

antacid, electrolyte replenisher, calcium supplementation

Deficiency states of Calcium

Osteoporosis, Osteomalacia, Rickets, Hypocalcemia

Osteoporosis

decrease bone density

Osteomalacia

occurs in adults

Rickets

occurs in infants/children

Hypocalcemia

tonic spasm of muscles

Calcium bromide

CNS depressant

Calcium carbonate uses

antacid, carbonating agent ingredient in toothpaste, dentifrices primary standard for EDTA

Calcium carbonate synonym

precipitated chalk prepared chalk

Calcium carbonate prepared through elutriation

Calcium chloride uses

electrolyte replenisher

Calcium chloride synonym

muriate of lime

Calcium gluconate

antidote for Magnesium poisoning, Calcium supplement and replenisher

Calcium hydroxide uses

antacid, saponifying agent, used in infant’s milk formula to prevent the curdling of milk and to improve its digestibility

Calcium hydroxide synonym

slaked lime, hydrated lime

Calcium phosphate use

antacid

Calcium phosphate synonyms

bone ash; phosphate rock

Dibasic calcium phosphate

recommended Calcium salt as electrolyte replenisher because it provides an optimum ratio of 1:1 Calcium to Phosphorus

Calcium oxide uses

preparation of various insecticides; component of Bordeaux Mixture

Calcium oxide synonyms

lime, quicklime

Calcium hypochlorite uses

bleaching agent; disinfectant

Calcium hypochlorite synonyms

chlorinated lime, chloride of lime

Calcium sulfate hemihydrate uses

preparation of surgical casts, dental impressions, and dentifrices

Calcium sulfate hemihydrate synonyms

Plaster of Paris, Gypsum, Terra alba

Strontium pharmacologic uses

can replace Calcium in bone formation, radioactive used in diagnostics to scan and study bones, used to hasten bone mineralization in diseases such as osteoporosis

Strontium synonym

brass yellow metal

Strontium chloride

desensitizing agent (Sensodyne®)

Strontium ranelate

may be a new alternative in the treatment of pregnancy and lactation associated osteoporosis

Barium

All ____ compounds soluble in water or in dilute acid are POISONOUS.

Barium synonym

heavy

Barium toxicity

Baritosis

Barium antidote

Magnesium sulfate

Barium sulfate

causes constipation

BARIUM MEAL

radiopaque contrast media used for gastrointestinal imaging

Barium hydroxide

CO2 absorbent

Radium

most soluble hydroxide salt

Discovered Radium

Marie Curie

Radium uses

cancer radiotherapy; diagnostic purposes

Marie Curie

coined the term radioactivity and won two Nobel Prizes

Marie Curie also discovered

thorium, polonium, and radium

Radiation

miracle drug

Early Applications of Radium

believed to have magical healing properties. Used in food, toys, toothpaste, and cosmetics.

Radium Girls years

early 1900s

How many died in radium poisoning

over 50 women died by 1927