AP Gov - Civil Liberties and Civil Rights - Basically the Final :)

Writ of Habeas Corpus

You must be brought before the court and informed of charges against you

No Bills of Attainder

You cannot be punished without a trial

No Ex Post Facto Laws

Laws applied to acts committed before the laws' passage are unconstitutional.

Everson v. Board of Education

Court upheld a New Jersey policy of reimbursing parents of Catholic school students for the costs of busing their children to school

- Establishment case

Engel v. Vitale

- Court ruled school-sanctioned prayer in public schools is unconstitutional

Lemon v. Kurtzman

Court struck down a Pennsylvania law reimbursing parochial schools for textbooks and teacher salaries

- Controlling case

Lemon Test

To pass the test a law must meet all three of the following:

1. have a primarily secular purpose

2. principal effect neither aids nor inhibits religion

3. must not create an excessive entanglement between government and religion

Reynolds v. US

The court upheld the federal law that prohibited polygamy even though the defendent, a Mormon from Utah, claimed that the law limited his religious freedom

- Trying to prevent enslavement of women = compelling gov interest

Wisconsin v. Yoder

Alien and Sedition Acts

Law passed by Congress making it illegal to say anything "false, scandalous and malicious against the gov or ots officials".

- never challenged in court

- expired in 1801

Schenk v. US

Defendant mailed fliers to draftees during WWI urging them to protest the draft peacefully; he was convicted of violating a federal law against encouraging the disobedience of military orders. Court opinion said that such speech was not protected during wartime becuase it owuld create a clear and present danger

1917 Espionage Act

Clear and Present Danger Test

Gitlow v. NY

The court applied the protections of free speech to the states under the due process clause of the 14th Amendment

Tinker v. Des Moines

Court ruled that wearing black armbands in protest of the Vietnam War was symbolic speech, protected by the First Amendment