unit 1 ap euro

The Renaissance

• period of cultural & intellectual rebirth

• began in Italy, 14th-17th century

• classical learning, humanism, arts

Humanism

• philosophical & intellectual movement

• value, dignity, divinity of humans

• emphasis on individuals too

• reaction to scholasticism of Middle Ages

Renaissance Art

• revival of classical topics & forms

• realism, humanist-y

• da vinci, raphael, michealangelo

• beauty & complexity of human form

Italian Renaissance

• cultural & artistic growth in Italy

• 14th-17th century

• revival of classical art, literature, & philosophy

• humanism & individualism

Northern Renaissance

• cultural & artistic movement in northern europe

• 15th-16th centuries

• classical learning, individualism, humanism

Humanism

• belief in importance of humans

• individualism, reason

• study of classical literature & philosophy

• key aspect of north renaissance

Protestant Reformation

• religious movement

• challenged the Catholic Church

• establishment of new Protestant churches during northern renaissance

Artistic Innovation

• key aspect of north renaissance

• experimentation w/ styles & techniques

• focus on realism & details

Scientific Advancements

• key aspect of north renaissance

• significant contributions to:

• astronomy, math, anatomy, etc

Erasmus

• dutch northern humanist & scholar

• critical to catholic church

• believed church was corrupt

• translated old christian texts into vernacular languages

Printing Press / Moveable Type

• made by Johannes Gutenberg

• invented in mid 15th century

• spread of info drastically increased

• mass & cheap production of books

• literacy rates raised

Galileo Galilei

• mathematician, philosopher, astronomer

• 1564-1642

• first euro to use telescope to look at the sky

Christopher Columbus

• 1492 columbus sailed the ocean blue

• sailed for spain

• discovered the new world

European Expansion

• era when european powers expanded their influence

• controlling other regions of world

• colonies and stuff

The Columbian Exchange

• exchange between old & new world

• new world → measles, smallpox, cattle

• old world → syphillis, potatoes, corn, tobacco

• wiped out 90%~ of natives

Slave Trade

• began in late 15th century

• Portuguese trades began importing slaves fr Africa

• slaves worked on sugar plantations

Triangular Trade

• north america food, rum, tobacco, furs, resources→ trade euro & africa

• africa gold & slaves → north america

• euro manufactured goods → north america

Commercial Revolution

• period of economic expansion

• colonialism & mercantilism

• 16th-18th century

Treaty of Tordesillas

• division of new world for spain & portugal

• 1494

Mercantilism

• favorable balance of trade

• more exports than imports

• limited amount of wealth in world; zero-sum game

• competition for wealth, to gain more = taking from others