all pharm prototypes

Opioid Drugs

Hydromorphone, Morphine
Methadone Hydrochloride, Oxycodone
Hydrochloride

Very Strong Pain Relievers

MOA: Agonist- agonist-antagonist-antagonist
of the pain receptors.

adverse effects: Constipation, nausea & vomiting, sedation and mental clouding, respiratory depression, Subacute overdose

indications: Alleviate moderate to severe pain

contraindications: Drug allergy and asthma

Opioid Antagonists

Naloxone hydrochloride

MOA: Opioid Antagonist

adverse effects: Opioid withdrawal syndrome

indications: opioid induced respiratory depression

contraindications: drug allergy

Non-opioid
Acetaminophen

MOA: Blocks peripheral pain
impulses by inhibition of
prostaglandin synthesis

adverse effects: Nephrotoxicity &
hepatotoxicity

indications: Mild to moderate pain and
fever

contraindications: Drug allergy and severe liver
disease

Sedative- Hypnotic Benzodiazepines:
Temazepam, Diazepam

MOA: Depresses activity in the central
nervous system

adverse effects: drowsiness, nervousness, cognitive impairment and lethargy

indications: Sedation, relief of agitation,
anxiety

contraindications: Allergies, narrow angle glaucoma and pregnancy

Non-benzodiazepine
Zolpidem

MOA: Short acting non-benzodiazepine

adverse effects: sleepwalking

indications: insomnia

contraindications: Drug allergy

Barbiturates CNS Depressants

phenobarbital

MOA: CNS Depressants

adverse effects: Drowsiness, lethargy, hangover, paradoxical, restlessness and excitement

indications: Ultrashort acting anesthesia,
control of convulsions

contraindications: Allergy, pregnancy, respiratory
difficulty, kidney or liver disease

Muscle Relaxant:
Cyclobenzaprine

MOA: Affects the CNS

adverse effects: Lightheadedness, dizziness,
drowsiness and muscle weakness

indications: Relief of painful musculoskeletal conditions ex:muscle spasms

contraindications: Allergy

Amphetamines:
Methylphenidate

MOA: Stimulate areas of the brain associated with mental alertness

adverse effects: Increased heart rate, blood pressure, angina, tremors

indications: ADHD & Narcolepsy

contraindications: Allergy and cardiac structure abnormalities

Antimigraine:
Sumatriptan

MOA: Triptans stimulate 5HT receptors in cerebral arteries, causing vasoconstriction and reducing or eliminating headache symptoms.

adverse effects: Tingling, flushing, warm sensation, feeling congested in the head and chest
Nausea, vomiting, dizziness

indications: Relief of migraine headaches

contraindications: Allergy and cardiovascular disease

Analeptics:
Caffeine

MOA: relaxation of smooth muscle in the respiratory tract, dilation of pulmonary arterioles, and stimulation of the CNS in general.

adverse effects: Stimulation of gastric secretions, reflex tachycardia, warmth and flushing

indications: Neonatal apnea and Respiratory depression that is drug induced

contraindications: Drug allergy, peptic ulcer and cardiovascular conditions

Antiepileptic Drugs:
Carbamazepine-Iminostilbenes
Phenytoin-hydantoins
Gabapentin
Valproic Acid
Phenobaribital: Amphetamine

MOA: Movement of sodium, potassium, calcium and
magnesium to decrease excitability

adverse effects: Dizziness and drowsiness

indications: Prevent or control seizure activity

contraindications: Allergy and pregnancy

Dopamine Replacement Drugs:
Carbidopa-levodopa

MOA: Increases brain levels of dopamine

adverse effects: Cardiac dysrhythmias, hypotension and muscle cramps

indications: Restores dopaminergic activity with Parkinson’s

contraindications: Angle closure glaucoma, Activates melanoma

Anticholinergic:
Benztropine mesylate

MOA: Blocks the neurotransmitter acetylcholine

Adverse effects: Tachycardia, disorientation, dry mouth, urinary retention

indications: Parkinsons

contraindications: allergy

Anxiolytic Drugs:
benzodiazepine
Alprazolam, lorazepam

MOA:Decrease anxiety by reducing over activity of the CNS

adverse effects: CNS depression, hypotension, sedation

indications: Anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, insomnia, muscle spasms, depression and seizure disorders

contraindications: Drug allergy, pregnancy and narrow-angle glaucoma

mood-stabilizing drugs:

lithium

MOA: Alters sodium ion transport in the nerve cells which
causes a shift in catecholamine metabolism

adverse effects: Gastrointestinal discomfort, tremor, confusion,
somnolence, seizures, cardiac dysrhythmia

indications: Bipolar

contraindications: Dehydration, sodium imbalances , major renal and
cardiovascular disease

Antidepressants
Amitriptyline-tricyclics

MOA: correct imbalance in neurotransmitter concentrations of serotonin and norepinephrine at the nerve endings in the CNS

adverse effects: sexual dysfunction, altered blood glucose levels, orthostatic hypotension, sedation

indications: Used to be used to treat depression now the use is for neuropathic pain syndromes and insomnia

contraindications:Allergy, pregnancy and use of MAOIs within the previous 14 days

Antidepressants

Fluoxetine- SSRI

MOA: The inhibition of serotonin reuptake is the primary mechanism of action of the SSRIs

adverse effects: dizziness, drowsiness, sexual dysfunction

indications: Used to be used to treat depression now the use is for neuropathic pain syndromes and insomnia

contraindications: Allergy, pregnancy and use of MAOIs within the previous 14 days

Miscellaneous

bupropion

mechanism of action: Inhibition of serotonin reuptake

indications: depression

contraindications: Seizure disorder, allergy

adverse effects: Dizziness, headache, sedation, tachycardia

opioids

MOA: Reduction of pain sensation
adverse effects: Respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting
indications: Relieve pain, reduce cough, relieve diarrhea and induce anesthesia
contraindications : Allergy, pregnancy, asthma

Stimulants

MOA:Central nervous system stimulation
adverse effects: Syncope(fainting), palpitations, cardiac dysrhythmias
indications: ADHD, Reverse fatigue and sleep
Narcolepsy
contraindications: Allergy, cardiovascular and hypertension

Depressants

mechanism of action: Inhibits nerve transmission in the central nervous
system
adverse effects: Sedation, dizziness, gastrointestinal symptoms
indications: Relieve anxiety, induce sleep and prevent seizures
contraindications: allergy, dyspnea, narrow angle glaucoma

Cholinergic Drugs:

Bethancol (direct- acting drugs)

MOA: Stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system
adverse effects: Syncope, hypotension, reflex tachycardia, hypertension and bradycardia
indications Direct Acting: increased bladder and GI tract tone and motility.
contraindications: Drug allergy, gastrointestinal or genitourinary obstruction

Cholinergic Drugs: Donepezil (Indirect-acting drugs)

MOA: Stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system
adverse effects: Syncope, hypotension, reflex tachycardia, hypertension and bradycardia
indications: indirect- acting: cause skeletal muscle contraction Increases acetylcholine in the brain
contraindications: Drug allergy, gastrointestinal or genitourinary obstruction

Adrenergic Drugs: Epinephrine

Alpha- and beta-adrenergic

mechanism of action: At low dosages, it stimulates mostly beta1-adrenergic receptors, increasing the force of contraction and heart rate. At high dosages (e.g., intravenous drip), it stimulates mostly alpha-adrenergic receptors, causing vasoconstriction, which elevates the blood pressure.

indication: Anaphylaxis

contraindication: Allergy and hypertension

adverse effects: Headache, restlessness, excitement and insomnia, hypertension and increased heart rate

Adrenergic Drugs: Norepinephrine

Alpha- and beta-adrenergic

Levophed

mechanism of action: Norepinephrine acts predominantly on alpha-adrenergic receptors to produce constriction of resistance and capacitance vessels, thereby increasing systemic blood pressure and coronary artery blood flow.

indication: Hypotensive states

contraindication: Allergy and hypertension

adverse effects: Headache, restlessness, excitement and insomnia, hypertension and increased heart rate

Adrenergic Drugs: Phenylephrine

Alpha-adrenergic

Neo-Synephrine

mechanism of action: It is used primarily for short-term treatment to raise blood pressure in patients in shock, to control some dysrhythmias (supraventricular tachycardias), and to pro- duce vasoconstriction in regional anesthesia

indication: Hypotension or shock

contraindication: Allergy and hypertension

adverse effects: Headache, restlessness, excitement and insomnia, hypertension and increased heart rate

Adrenergic Blocking Drugs: beta blockers

Atenolol

Tenormin

mechanism of action: Blocks sympathetic nervous system stimulation of the beta adrenergic receptors.
adverse effects: Bradycardia, depression, impotence, constipation and fatigue
indications: Angina, myocardial infarction, dysrhythmias, hypertension and heart failure
contraindications: Allergy, pregnancy, heart failure, bradycardia, pulmonary disease

Adrenergic Blocking Drugs: beta blockers

Labetalol

Normodyne, Trandate

mechanism of action: Blocks sympathetic nervous system stimulation of the beta adrenergic receptors.
adverse effects: Bradycardia, depression, impotence, constipation and fatigue
indications: Angina, myocardial infarction, dysrhythmias, hypertension and heart failure
contraindications: Allergy, pregnancy, heart failure, bradycardia, pulmonary disease

Adrenergic Blocking Drugs: beta blockers

Metoprolol

Lopressor, Toprol XL

mechanism of action: Blocks sympathetic nervous system stimulation of the beta adrenergic receptors.
adverse effects: Bradycardia, depression, impotence, constipation and fatigue
indications: Angina, myocardial infarction, dysrhythmias, hypertension and heart failure
contraindications: Allergy, pregnancy, heart failure, bradycardia, pulmonary disease

cholinergic Drugs: Donepezil (Indirect-acting drugs)

mechanism of actions: Stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system
adverse effects: Syncope, hypotension, reflex tachycardia, hypertension and bradycardia
indications: indirect- acting: cause skeletal muscle contraction Increases acetylcholine in the brain
contraindications: Drug allergy, gastrointestinal or genitourinary obstruction

Cholinergic Blocking Drugs: Atropine

Atropen

mechanisms of actions: block the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)

indications: Treatment of bradycardia, cardiopulmonary resuscitation

contraindications:drug allergy, angle-closure glaucoma, acute asthma or other respiratory distress, myasthenia gravis, acute cardiovas- cular instability, and GI or GU tract obstruction

adverse effects:

Cholinergic Blocking Drugs: Scopolamine

mechanisms of actions: block the action of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine at the muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)

indications: Motion sickness prevention

contraindications: drug allergy, angle-closure glaucoma, acute asthma or other respiratory distress, myasthenia gravis, acute cardiovas- cular instability, and GI or GU tract obstruction

adverse effects: ↓ HR and BP.

• Conduction abnormalities – AV block and cardiac arrest.

• Headache, dizziness, convulsions.

• ↑ bronchial secretions, bronchospasms.

Adrenergic Drug: alpha 2
Clonidine

MOA: Alpha 2 causing vasodilation to decrease BP
adverse effects: Bradycardia with reflex tachycardia, postural hypotension, dizziness and sexual dysfunction
Indications: Hypertension

contraindications: drug allergy, HF

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme
Inhibitors (ACE)
Captopril

ACE Inhibitor

MOA: Inhibits angiotensin 1 to convert to
angiotensin 2

Adverse effects: Dizziness, fatigue, headaches, non-productive cough

indications: Hypertension and to reduce
cardiovascular disease

contraindications: Drug allergy, angioedema, lactating women

Vasodilators:
Hydralzine

MOA: Causes peripheral vasodilation

Adverse effects: Dizziness, headache, tachycardia, dyspnea

indications: hypertension

contraindications: Drug allergy, hypotension, head
injury and MI

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
Losartan

MOA: Block the binding of AII to type 1 AII receptors

Adverse effects: Chest pain, fatigue, hypoglycemia

indications: hypertension

contraindications: Drug allergy, pregnancy and
lactation

Nitrates:
Nitroglycerin

MOA: Dilation of all blood vessels

Adverse effects: Headache, tachycardia and postural hypotension

indications: Angina

contraindications: Drug allergy, severe anemia, closed angle glaucoma, hypotension

Beta- Blockers
Atenolol, metroprolol

MOA: Blocks sympathetic nervous system
stimulation of the beta adrenergic
receptors.

adverse effects: Bradycardia, depression,
impotence, constipation and fatigue

indications: Angina, myocardial infarction,
dysrhythmias, hypertension

contraindications: Allergy, pregnancy, heart failure, bradycardia, pulmonary disease

Calcium Channel Blockers
Diltiazem

MOA: Prevents calcium from entering the
cell decreasing muscle contraction.

adverse effects: hypotension

indications: Angina, hypertension and
supraventricular tachycardia

contraindications: drug allergy, acute myocardial infarction, hypotension

MOA:

adverse effects:

indications:

contraindications:

Cardiac Glycoside
Digoxin

MOA: Positive inotropic effect

adverse effects: Cardiovascular, CNS, GI
Central Nervous System

indications: Heart failure and atrial
fibrillation

contraindications:

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors:
Milrinone

MOA: Positive inotropic effect and vasodilation

adverse effects: dysrhythmia

indications: Acute heart failure

contraindications: Drug allergy

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
Valsartan

MOA: vasodilation

adverse effects: renal insufficiency

indications: heart failure

contraindications: Drug allergy

Unclassified: Antidysrhythmics
Adenosine

MOA: Slows the electrical conduction time through the AV Node

adverse effects: Hypotension, bradycardia

indications: Supra ventricular tachycardia

contraindications: Drug allergy, heart blocks

Antidysrhythmics: ClassIII
Amiodarone

MOA: blocks alpha and beta
receptors

adverse effects: bradycardia, hypotension

indications:

contraindications:

Antidysrhythmics: ClassIII

sotalol: beta blocker

MOA: blocks beta receptors

adverse effects: bradycardia, chest pain
dizziness

indications: Ventricular tachycardia, atrial

contraindications: Drug allergy

Antidysrhythmics: Class IV
Verapamil

MOA: Slows calcium channels in
cardiac conduction tissue

adverse effects: Bradycardia, hypotension,
dizziness

indications: Supraventricular tachycardia
Rate control for atrial

contraindications: Drug allergy

Antiplatelet Drug:
Aspirin
Clopidogrel

MOA: Does not allow platelets to stick together to form a clot.

adverse effects: bleeding

indications: Reduce the risk of clot formation

contraindications: Drug allergy, thrombocytopenia and active bleeding

Anticoagulants:
Heparin

MOA: Prevents the formation of a clot or thrombus

adverse effects: Bleeding, hematoma, anemia,
thrombocytopenia (monitor PTT)

indications: Myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation and angina

contraindications: Drug allergy, acute bleeding process

Anticoagulants

Warfarin
Enoxaparin: low molecular weight heparin

MOA: Prevents the formation of a clot or thrombus

adverse effects: Bleeding, lethargy, muscle pain, purple toes (monitor PT/INR)

indications: Myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation and angina

contraindications: Drug allergy, acute bleeding process

Antilipemic Drugs
Simvastatin
atorvastatin

MOA: Lowers blood cholesterol level by
decreasing the production of cholesterol

adverse effects: Abdominal pain, rash or headache, rhabdomyolysis

indications: hypercholesterolemia

contraindications: Drug allergy and pregnancy

Loop Diuretics:
Furosemide

MOA: Works in the loop of Henle by blocking chloride and sodium reabsorption

adverse effects: Dizziness, headache
hypokalemia

indications: manage edema

contraindications: Drug allergy, hepatic coma and electrolyte

Potassium Sparing Diuretic
Spironolactone

MOA: Blocks resorption of sodium

adverse effects: Dizziness, headache, cramps

indications: hypertension

contraindications: Drug allergy, hyperkalemia
Renal failure

Thiazide:
Hydrochlorothiazide

MOA: Inhibit resorption of sodium, potassium and chloride

adverse effects: Dizziness, headache, hypokalemia

indications: edema

contraindications: Drug allergy

potassium

MOA: Intracellular electrolyte

adverse effects: Diarrhea, nausea and vomiting

indications: Potassium depletion

contraindications: Drug allergy, hyperkalemia

sodium

MOA: Major cation in the extracellular fluid, regulates fluid distribution

adverse effects: Nausea, vomiting and cramps

indications: Sodium depletion

contraindications: Drug allergy, hypernatremia

Antihistamine

Diphenhydramine
loratadine

MOA: Block histamine receptors

adverse effects: Drowsiness, dry mouth and vision changes

indications: Nasal allergies, allergic rhinitis, uticaria

contraindications: Drug allergy

Antitussive

Benzonatate

MOA: suppresses the cough reflex by
numbing the stretch receptor cells in the
respiratory tract

adverse effects: dizziness, headache sedation

indications: cough

contraindications: Drug allergy

Antitussive

Dextromethorphan

MOA: Suppress the cough reflex through direct action on the cough center

adverse effects: dizziness, drowsiness,
nausea

indications: cough

contraindications: Drug allergy

Antitussive

codeine

MOA: Suppress the cough reflex through direct action on the cough center

adverse effects: sedation, lightheadedness, constipation

indications: cough

contraindications: drug allergy

expectorant

guaifenesin

MOA: loosening and thinning of respiratory secretions

adverse effects: gastric irritation

indications: relief of productive cough

contraindications: drug allergy

Bronchodilators
Beta- adrenergic agonist
sympathomimetic

Albuterol
Ipratropium-anticholinergic
Salmeterol

MOA: relaxe and dilate airways

adverse effects: Restlessness, cardiac stimulation,
hyperglycemia

indications: prevent bronchospasms

contraindications: Drug allergy, Hypertension, cardiac dysrhythmias

Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist

montelukast

MOA: Blocks the inflammatory process with asthma

adverse effects: headache, dizziness, insomnia

indications: Prophylaxis and long term treatment of asthma

contraindications: drug allergy

somatropin

growth hormone

MOA: enhances growth

adverse effects: headache, hyperglycemia, rash flulike syndrome

indications: treatment of growth failure

contraindications: drug allergy, acute illness, and children w/ growth plates that are closed.

vasopressin

adh

mech of action: enhances anti diuretic hormone

adverse effects: hypertension, vertigo, and headache

indications: diabetes insipidus

contraindications: drug allergy, cardiovascular disease, and asthma

Levothyroxine

hormone

mech of action: induces changes in the metabolic rate, including the rate of protein, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and to increase oxygen
consumption, body temperature, blood volume
and overall growth. Stimulates the
cardiovascular system and increases kidney
function.

adverse effects: cardiac dysrhythmia

indications: thyroid gland is not functioning

contraindications: drug allergy, hyperthyroidism, myocardial infarctio

PropylthiouracilGlipizide

antidiabetic drug

mech of action: stimulate the release of insulin

adverse effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain

indications: type 2 diabetes

contraindications: hypoglycemia, drug allergy

antithyroid drug

mech of action: Inhibit the incorporation of iodine molecules into amino acid tyrosine

adverse effects: Liver and bone marrow toxicity
indications: treats hyperthyroidism
contraindications: drug allergy

Glipizide

antidiabetic drug

mech of action: stimulate the release of insulin

adverse effects: hypoglycemia, weight gain

indications: type 2 diabetes

contraindications: hypoglycemia, drug allergy

RAPID-ACTING INSULIN

Subcutaneous

onset of action: Insulin lispro Humalog/Novolog
15 minutes

peak plasma concentration: 1-2 hours

half life: 80 min

duration of onset: 3-5 hours

SHORT ACTING INSULIN
Subcutaneous/IV

onset of action: regular insulin 30-60 min

peak plasma concentration: 2.5 hour

half life: n/a

duration of onset: 6-10 hours

Intermediate – Acting Insulin
Subcutaneous

onset of action: NPH 1-2 hours

peak plasma concentration: 4-8 hours

half life: n/a

duration of onset: 10-18 hours

long acting insulin

onset of action: Lantus/Leviemir

peak plasma concentration: n/a

half life: n/a

duration of onset: 24 hours

metformin

mech of action: decrease glucose production by the liver

adverse effects: GI symptoms; bloating & diarrhea

indications: type 2 diabetes

contraindications: renal disease, drug allergy

fludrocortisone

mineralocorticoids

mech of action: modify enzyme activity

adverse effects: hypertension, convulsions, weight gain, and hyperglycemia

indications: adrenocortical insufficiency

contraindications: drug allergy

methylprednisone

prednisone

glucocorticoids

mech of action: modify enzyme activity

adverse effects: hypertension, convulsions, weight gain, and hyperglycemia

indications: chronic respiratory illness

contraindications: drug allergy

alendronate

mech of action: inhibits or reverses osteoclast mediated bone resorption

adverse effects: gastrointestinal upset

indications: osteoporosis

contraindications: drug allergy, dysphagia, esophagitis

must be taken w/ 8oz

calcitonin

bisphsphonates

mech of action: inhibits osteoclastic bone resorbtion

adverse effects: nausea, vomiting

indications: osteoporosis

contraindications: drug allergy, salmon

clomiphene

fertility drug

mech of action: blocking estrogen receptors in the uterus and the brain

adverse effects: tachycardia, dizziness, multiple pregnancies

indications: promotes ovulation

contraindications: drug allergy, ovarian failure

oxytocin

mech of action: stimulates uterine contraction

adverse effects: hypertension or hypotension, chest pain, cramping

indications: induce labor

contraindications: drug allergy, high risk intrauterine position

contraceptive drugs

mech of action: prevent ovulation by inhibiting the release of gonadotropins and by increasing uterine mucous viscosity

adverse effects: hypertension, edema, migraines, increased weight, amenorrhea, and breast changes

indications: prevention of pregnancy

contraindications: pregnancy, myocardial infarction, stroke, pulmonary embolism

Finasteride

mech of action: Prevents the conversion of testosterone to DHT

adverse effects: Reduced libido, hypotension, dizziness and drowsiness

indications:Benign prostatic hyperplasia

contraindications: Drug allergy, pregnant women and children

Sildenafil

mech of action: Inhibiting the action of the enzyme
phosphodiesterase

adverse effects: Hypotension, headache, flushing

indications: Erectile dysfunction

contraindications: Cardiovascular disorders, drug allergy, nitrates

testosterone schedule 3

mech of action: Stimulation of the normal growth and
development and maintenance of the secondary sex characteristics

adverse effects: Changes in libido, risk for blood clots, stroke, heart attack

indications: hypogonadism

contraindications: Severe renal, cardiac and hepatic disease

Sulfonamides

Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (cotrimoxazole)

mech of action: Inhibit the growth of bacteria

adverse effects: Allergic reaction, diarrhea, rashes

indications: Against gram negative and gram positive
organisms.
Urinary tract infections, respiratory tract
infection

contraindications: Drug Allergy

Penicillin

Amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin G and penicillin V potassium

mech of action: Inhibition of the bacterial cell wall synthesis

adverse effects: Urticaria, pruritus, angioedema

indications: Gram positive bacteria ex: streptococcus,
enterococcus and staphylococcus

contraindications: Drug Allergy

Cephalosporin

First Generation: cefazolin
Second Generation: cefoxitin
Third Generation: Ceftazidim

mech of action: Bactericidal: interferes with bacterial cell wall
synthesis

adverse effects: Urticaria, rash

indications: Gram positive, gram negative and anaerobic
bacteria

contraindications: Drug allergy

Macrolides

Azithromycin, erythromycin

mech of action: Bacteriostatic (inhibit protein synthesis) with
high concentrations they are bactericidal

adverse effects: Nausea, vomiting and GI Bleed

indications: Streptococcus/upper and lower respiratory
infections

contraindications: Drug allerg

tetracycline

mech of action: Bacteriostatic (inhibit protein synthesis)

adverse effects: Discoloration of permanent teeth in fetus and
children

indications: Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Rickettsia

contraindications: Drug allergy, pregnancy

Aminoglycosides

gentamicin

mech of action: Prevent protein synthesis in bacteria

adverse effects: Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

indications: Gram negative infections and specific
conditions with gram + cocci

contraindications: Drug allergy

Quinolones

Ciprofloxacin

mech of action: Destroy bacteria by altering the DNA

adverse effects: Headache, dizziness, increased liver levels,
Rash urticaria

indications: Gram negative and selected gram positive

contraindications: Drug Allergy

Acyclovir

mech of action: Blocking the activity of a polymerase enzyme
that normally stimulates the synthesis of new viral genomes.

adverse effects: Nausea, diarrhea, headache, burning when
applied topically

indications: Herpes, Hepatitis, Varicella

contraindications: Drug allergy

Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors: Zidovudine

mech of action: block activity of the enzyme reverse transcriptase

adverse effects: Bone marrow suppression, nausea, headache,
weakness

indications: HIV Infection

contraindications: Drug allergy

Protease inhibitor: Indinavir

mech of action: inhibit the protease retroviral enzyme.

adverse effects: Bone marrow suppression, nausea, headache,
weakness

indications: HIV Infection

contraindications: Drug allergy

Isoniazid

mech of action: Inhibit protein synthesis, inhibiting cell wall
synthesis

adverse effects: Liver toxicity

indications: Tuberculosis

contraindications: drug allergy, renal or liver
dysfunction

Amphotericin - B

Fluconazole

mech of action: Binding to sterols in the cell membranes of the
fungi which results with death to the cell

adverse effects: hepatotoxicity

indications: Fungal infections

contraindications: Drug allergy, liver failure, kidney failure

NSAIDS
Ibuprofen
Aspirin
Celecoxib- COX 2

mech of action: Relieve pain, headache, and inflammation by
blocking the chemical activity of the enzyme
called cyclooxygenase (COX).

adverse effects: Gastrointestinal problems: heartburn, nausea,
vomiting and gastrointestinal bleeding

indications: Pain, fever and inflammation

contraindications: Drug allergy, patients at risk for bleeding

Allopurinol

mech of action: Inhibition of the enzyme xanthine oxidase, prevents uric acid production

adverse effects: aplastic anemia

indications: gout

contraindications: drug allergy

Metronidazole

mech of action: Interferes with DNA, resulting in inhibition of protein synthesis and cell death in susceptible organisms.

adverse effects: Headache, dizziness, confusion, rash

indications: trichomoniasis, amebiasis, and giardiasis to the treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections

contraindications: Drug allergy, pregnancy

Immunizing Drugs

Diptheria & tetnus toxoids and acellular
pertussis vaccine (DTaP)

Varicella Virus Vaccine

Influenza

Hepatitis B immunoglobulin

mech of action: Vaccine and toxoids that are given
intramuscularly to work by stimulating the
humoral immune system

adverse effects: Fever, rash, soreness at injection site, urticarial, convulsions, dyspnea

indications: Prevention of illness

contraindications: Drug allergy, eggs or yeast allergy

Immunosuppressant

Cyclosporine

mech of action: Suppress certain T-lymphocyte cell lines.

adverse effects: Hypertension, tremors

indications: Prevention of organ rejection

contraindications: Drug allergy, hepatic or renal failure, hypertension