General-chemistry-2-compressed

Forces that hold individual particles like atoms, molecules, or ions together.

Intermolecular Forces of Attraction

Temperature at which a liquid boils when its vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure.

Boiling Point

Measure of a liquid's resistance to flow, dependent on intermolecular forces' strength.

Viscosity

Pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid phase.

Vapor Pressure

Resistance needed to increase the surface area of liquids, influenced by intermolecular forces.

Surface Tension

Weakest intermolecular force caused by electron cloud distortion.

London Dispersion Force

Attraction between partially positive and negative ends in polar molecules.

Dipole-dipole Interaction

Interaction between an ion and a polar molecule.

Ion-dipole Interaction

Special dipole-dipole interaction formed with hydrogen bonding with fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen.

Hydrogen Bond

Responsible for interactions within a molecule like covalent and ionic bonds.

Intramolecular Forces of Attraction

The percentage of the mass of the solute in a solution relative to the total mass of the solution.

Mass/Mass Percent Concentration

The percentage of the mass of the solute in a solution relative to the total mass of the solution.

Percent by Mass

The percentage of the volume of the solute in a solution relative to the total volume of the solution.

Percent by Volume

The concentration of a solution expressed as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution (mol/L).

Molarity

The concentration of a solution expressed as the number of moles of solute per kilogram of solvent (mol/kg).

Molality

The maximum concentration of a substance that can be dissolved in a saturated solution.

Solubility

The process of a solid solute being dissolved in a solvent.

Dissolution

The process of a solid solute coming out of a solution and forming crystals.

Crystallization

A solution where no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature.

Saturated Solution

A solution that can dissolve more solute at a given temperature.

Unsaturated Solution

A solution that contains more solute than a saturated solution at a given temperature.

Supersaturated Solution