DNA/PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

DNA nucleotide

Deoxyribose Sugar, Bases GCAT, and Phosphate Group

mRNA (messenger RNA)

The form of RNA which is created as a blueprint from DNA; carries instructions for making a protein

RNA nucleotide

Ribose Sugar, Bases GCAU, and Phosphate Group

transcription

synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template

Translation

Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced

Base pairs of DNA

A-T

G-C

Hydrogen bonds in DNA

hold base pairs together

point mutation

gene mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has been changed

frameshift mutation

mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence

tRNA

type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome

amino acids

building blocks of proteins

Codon

three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid

Watson and Crick

Developed the double helix model of DNA.

Deoxyribose sugar

sugar used in DNA to make up the "backbone"

ribose sugar

sugar used in RNA to make up the "backbone"

Gene

A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

Chromosomes

threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes

polypeptide chain

A chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.

peptide bond

Bonds that connect amino acids.