DNA nucleotide
Deoxyribose Sugar, Bases GCAT, and Phosphate Group
mRNA (messenger RNA)
The form of RNA which is created as a blueprint from DNA; carries instructions for making a protein
RNA nucleotide
Ribose Sugar, Bases GCAU, and Phosphate Group
transcription
synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
Translation
Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced
Base pairs of DNA
A-T
G-C
Hydrogen bonds in DNA
hold base pairs together
point mutation
gene mutation in which a single base pair in DNA has been changed
frameshift mutation
mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence
tRNA
type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome
amino acids
building blocks of proteins
Codon
three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid
Watson and Crick
Developed the double helix model of DNA.
Deoxyribose sugar
sugar used in DNA to make up the "backbone"
ribose sugar
sugar used in RNA to make up the "backbone"
Gene
A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
Chromosomes
threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
polypeptide chain
A chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.
peptide bond
Bonds that connect amino acids.