Marine EEZ

Extraction Process Petroleum 

Extraction Process Petroleum 

  

  

A hole is drilled into the rock, with pipe added behind the drilling as the hole gets deeper. Specially prepared mud is used to carry rock cuttings out, and when the petroleum is found it is controlled as it flows out.  

  

  

Petroleum Location 

Barrow Island- North Wesst Australia (also processed here) 

Dongara 

  

Petroleum General Impacts 

 

  

 Sonic Booms from exploration and blow-outs/oil spills, Oil Drilling releasing chemicals, 

Prevents marine parks due to leases. 

 

Increased waste, aquatic traffic, fumes etc. 

  

  

Petroleum  Economic Value 

 

 Worth 2.6 B to the WA economy, and employs directly over 2000 people. WA's second biggesst industry. 

  

  

Petroleum  Use 

Making fuel, Heating and electricity, and synthetics such as plastics. 
 
 
 

Gas  Extraction Process 

 

         Drilling into wells from the surface, 

 

 

Fracking – Splitting open rock formations with high-pressure streams to allow gas to escape 

 

Horizontal drilling – Increasing area of well by going sideways 

 

Acidizing – Acidic componenets into well, dissolving rock in the way of gas. 

 

Cooled to LNG for transportation at boiling point. 

 

Gas Location  

 Carnarvon Basin – North West-shelf domestic gas plant near dampier 

Gas General Impacts 

 

Fracking requires large amounts of water, 

Fracking also produces highly toxic wastewater and can cause micro-earthquakes 

 

Gas Economic Value 

 

 

Over 42B industry within WA, mass jobs 

Gas  Use 

Fuel – Cooking, Heating and making electricity 

Seawater  Extraction Process 

 

Thermal distillation – Heat – boiling the water tio leave the salt behind, or reverse osmosis, separating salt trough water with a semipermeable membrane.  

Seawater  Location  

Perth Seawater desalinaton plant - Kwinana 

Seawater  General Impacts 

Small sea life sucked into desal, also brine being pumeped back may damage ecosystems,

Seawater  Economic Value 

Jobs and minor industry, although only to the local area although more expensive than rivers or aquifers. 

Seawater  Use 

Clean water – cooking, houseuse, commercial 

Salt Extraction Process 

Salt is extracted from man-made crystalization ponds, and transported to wash plants to remove impurities, before being transferred to a wet salt stockpile to drain. 

Salt Location  

Dampier Port Hedland, Lake Macleod, Shark bay.

Salt General Impacts 

 Little to none 

At Dampier, important Aboriginal rock carvings have been protected from mining activity. Since the Dampier operation commenced, 6000 rock carvings and old camp sites have been photographed, mapped and catalogued.

Salt Economic Value 

Minor Industrie to Australia, particularly for niche and local markets, Although due to large scale, we do export. 

Salt  Use 

Salt (all uses), chemicals such as chlorine, hydrochloric acid, etc.  

Summary of Kimberley Marine Research Program  document  Aim of document

To document and analyse the values/aspirations of people associated with existing/proposed marine parks in the Kimberley area. 

Summary of Kimberley Marine Research Program  document  Background

Much of the Kimberley is within proposed/existing marine parks. Little has been done to understand social values associated with marine parks, to understand How, where and why people value the coastline and marine environment is helpful for planning and management of such areas. 

Summary of Kimberley Marine Research Program  document  Key findings

The social values associated 

with the Kimberley coastline and 

marine environment are largely 

non-consumptive, direct uses (e.g. 

physical landscape, Aboriginal culture, 

therapeutic, recreation (other than 

camping and fishing). 

More than three-quarters of those 

interviewed mentioned and 

biodiversity (80% of all interviews) 

and the physical landscape (77%) as 

valued. 

Roebuck Bay; the western and 

northern coastal fringes and marine 

environments of Dampier Peninsula; 

the Buccaneer Archipelago; Horizontal 

Falls; and Montgomery Reef appeared 

as ‘hot spots’ for a number of values. 

Summary of Kimberley Marine Research Program  document  Future work

Further research is needed to validate and 

extend these findings regarding values, 

particularly for the northern and eastern 

Kimberley coastlines (data from an online 

Public Participation GIS survey is currently 

being analysed to progress this research 

need). 

Opportunities exist to more 

comprehensively map the cultural and 

other values held for Kimberley sea country 

by Aboriginal Traditional Owners. 

Opportunities also exist to develop related 

agreement-based research with Traditional 

Owner groups at a smaller scale, to 

explore values held for country by a range 

of stakeholder groups. This information 

can then be used to progress Aboriginal 

management of country (including tourism 

development) 

Researching the values of stakeholders 

remote from the Kimberley, but with an 

interest in its future (web-based analysis of 

blogs and pictur 

Summary of Kimberley Marine Research Program  document  Diagrams

Describing that the Marine park areas covered the most values for physical landscape

Define jurisdiction

An area governed by a single country (also known as a state). People within this area are citizens who live by the laws of that country. 

Define sovereign rights

 
Sovereign rights means the country has the sole right to extract or use the economic resources of an area – the area itself doesn't belong to the country, just the area's resources. 

What is UNCLOS? Who wrote it? What does it state? 

 The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. The UN wrote the  
 
 
An agreed set of rules for countries and their rights at sea. That a countries rights reduce the further they move from their coastline. 

List the 6 maritime zones 

 
Territorial Sea 

Contiguous zone 

Exclusive Economic Zone 

Extended Continental shelf 

High seas 

'The area' 

. How would you explain to someone the location of Australia's EEZ?

 
Edge of territorial sea to 200nm offshore

What is the significance of an EEZ? 

It is the area where a country has exclusive economic rights to any exploitable commodity

Provide examples of exploitable commodities.

fish, oil, gas, renewables

List some of the competing priorities within Australia's jurisdiction. 

 
Australian fishing zone 

Petroleum acreage release and titles 

Regional fisheries mgmt. Org. 

Madrid Protocol for the environmental protection of antarctica 

The development of national representative system for marine protected areas 

. State the difficulties of managing a maritime jurisdiction vs. managing land. 

 
 
Multiple activities occur in the same area 

 

Several resources have to be managed by several countries to ensure sustainable practices are managed 

List the 5 bioregional planning marine regions of Australia. 

North 

North West 

East 

South West 

South East 

How does an offshore acreage release work? What are the benefits of this type of collaboration between stakeholders?

Oil & gas deposits are discovered by government surveying (generally by Geoscience Australia) 

● 

2.Once surveys are complete, petroleum geologists select likely petroleum holding areas 

● 

3.These areas are broken down into blocks and are released annually for mining companies to bid for 

  What are the three aims of bioregional planning?

Building knowledge of oceans 

Improving conservation and sustainable use of resources 

Improving the management of ecosystems – Including interactions of people and industry with marine environments 

1. Distinguish between the following giving an example of each: 

a. Natural resource 

b. Renewable resource 

c. Non-renewable resource 

Natural resource – Drawn from nature without modification, e.g. wood 

Renewable – ongoing – solar 

Non-renewable runs oout -coal

What does EEZ stand for? 

Economic Exclusion Zone

Where does the EEZ extend to and what area does it cover? 

  200nm of TSB, Shelf and ocean 

Coastal Waters  Distance from TSB Rights/responsibilities related to this zone Who controls this area?

3nm

Sovereignty extends  to the air space,  water column,  seabed and subsoil  allowing for the right  of innocent passage  Soverregn territory

State

Territorial Sea  Distance from TSB Rights/responsibilities related to this zone Who controls this area?

12nm

Sovereignty extends  to the air space,  water column,  seabed and subsoil  allowing for the right  of innoc  Sovereign territory

State

Contiguous Zone 

  Distance from TSB Rights/responsibilities related to this zone Who controls this area?

24nm

Limited  enforcement  zone  Sovereign  Territory

State

Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)  Distance from TSB Rights/responsibilities related to this zone Who controls this area?

200nm

Sovereign rights for exploring, exploiting,  conserving and managing living and  non-living resources of the water column  and underlying continental shelf  To 200 M inherent sovereign rights for  exploring and exploiting non-living  resources of seabed and subsoil,  plus sedentary species  overeign rights to the water  column and continental shelf

Commonwealth

Continental shelf  Distance from TSB Rights/responsibilities related to this zone Who controls this area?

To outer edge of continental margin  up to a maximum of 350 M from the  TSB or 100 M beyond the 2,500 m  isobath, whichever is the greatest

To 200 M inherent sovereign rights for  exploring and exploiting non-living  resources of seabed and subsoil,  plus sedentary specie  Beyond 200 M  submission required  to the Commission  on the Limits of  Continental Shelf to  confirm rights

Commonwealth

High Seas  Distance from TSB Rights/responsibilities related to this zone Who controls this area?

Beyond national juristiction

Seabed and subsoil non-living  resources administered by the  International Seabed Authority

International