Three types of epitheial tissue and why are they organs
Cutaneous, Serous, Mucous They are organs because they have more than two types of tissue
cutaneous membrane
The skin; composed of epidermal and dermal layers kertanized cells on the surface of your body protects and mantains water levels to prevent dyring out
Kerantinized
Helps make cells tougher, waterproof, stratified squarmus
mucous membrane (mucosa)
This membrane lines passageways that open to the exterior environment. made of loose connective tissue absorption and secretion to get cells moist
serous membrane
Membrane that lines a cavity without an opening to the outside of the body lubriction to allow for movement has two aprts visceral and parietal
pleura serous membrane
Membrane surrounding the lungs. (Around the lungs)
pericardium serous membrane
Membrane surrounding the heart. (Around the heart)
Peritoneum(serous membrane)
abdominal cavity
serous fluid
A clear, watery fluid secreted by the cells of a serous membrane. lubricates to allow membranes to glide across each other
Keratin
hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails
Epidermis
stratified squamous epithelial that is keratinized at the top 3 main cell types, no blood flow, layered, cells rise to the top in 30 days
Dermis
connective tissue blisters are when epidermis and dermis spereate and fill with fluid leather, has blood flow, thickest layer, sags as you age
Hypodermis
adipose shock absorber that is loosely attached
Keratinocytes
The most abundant epidermal cells, they function mainly to produce keratin.
Keratin
hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails
Melanocytes
a mature melanin-forming cell, typically in the skin.
Melanin
A pigment that gives the skin its color and protects from UV rays to prevent DNA mutations
Langerhans
helps to activate immune systems and plays an active role in eating bacteria, star shaped and comes from bone marrow
Merkel cells
function as touch receptors in association with sensory nerve endings attached to dermis
stratum corneum
thick layer on outside waterproof keratinn protects skin, dead and flake off
stratum lucidum
isnt always present protects areas of high use like palms
stratum granulosum
forms a waterproof layer that prevents fluid loss starts to dry out and get thiner only 3-8 cells thick, toughening up
stratum spinosum
keeps skin flexible and strong and severeal layers thick
stratum basale
deepest layer of epidermis protects deep layers from harm, younger and rounder
function and location of dermis
to bind your body all together, the hide, under the epidermis, has papillary and reticular layers, lots of blood vessels
papillary layer of dermis
collagen, areolar tissue that is heavily vasculated, upper controls fingerprints and grip, has pain and touch receptors, feeds basement membrane
reticular layer of dermis
dense irregular tissue, lower, pressure receptor, ability to be antimicrobial within reasons, 80 percent of the skin
stretch marks
scars from tearing of dermis, stretching quickly over short period of time
blister
seperation of epidermal and dermal layers by a fluid pocket, never giong to reconnect
Carotene
yellow to orange pigement that acculmunates in the stratum corneum and hypodermis, found in foods, photosynthesis pigament
Hemoglobin
Oxygen carrying pigment in red blood cells
How does tanning occur?
Melanocytes produce melanin; sun exposure increases the amount of melanin produced, which makes the skin tan
eccrine glands
glands that produce sweat; found over most of the body
aprocrine sweat glands
ducts empty into hair follicles
location : axillary and inguinal regions
active when in pain, scared, nervous, emotion
has an odor bc of bacteria breaking down the secretion
sebaceous glands
secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis all over your body exceept for your palms, and sole of feet. slows down water loss caused by hormones
sebum
oil
Creuminous glands
secretors of cerumen, or earwax; located in the auditory canal
hair shaft
visible part of the hair
hair root
The part of the hair located below the surface of the epidermis.
hair follicle
a small tubular cavity containing the root of a hair
bulb
the base of a hair follicle and its surrounding dermal root sheath, containing the papilla of the hair and matrix
plexus
large, interlacing network of nerves attahed to end of hair
arrector pili muscle
The small, involuntary muscle in the base of the hair follicle. causes hair to stand on end
vellus hair
pale, fine body hair of children and adult females, all over the body and it can change into terminal hair when hormonal changes occur
terminal hair
Long, coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and bodies of males and females., gonna have apocrine sweat glands
parts of the fingernail
free edge, nail body or plate, lanula, eponychium or cuticle, nail root
chemical barriers of skin
acidic skin secretions upper layers of keratinized skin rpevents chemicals from getting through
mechancial barrier
many layers of keratinized cells and skin, hard dry cells that keep strength
immune system
langerhans cells activate the immune system and deal with forgein bodies
heat loss and retention
sweat glands and hair, sweating and or blood flushes to skin in capillary beds to reduce heat, retain heat, not allowing blood to flush skin and hair to retain layer of air around you
Responsiveness
nervous sensors, plexus, by keeping open nerve endings we can sense outside stimuli, in cutaneous layers
vit D sythesis
chlosteral molecules in skin are converted to vit D by uv rays to be used in other body parts
blood resevroir
dermal tissue holds blood allowing the nerouvs system to draw blood out of it in times of peril
excretion
released through perspiration by sweat glands
first degree burn
damges only epidermis, symptoms include swelling,redness and pain, example is sunburn
second degree burn
damages both the epidermis and parts of the dermis, mimics first degree burn symptoms but has blisters, take 3-4 weeks to heal if taken care of, skin never be the same again.slight scarring, killing melanocytes, kills keratinocytes spill something on you that is hard to get rid of, infection prone
third degree burn
burns all of the skin, may appear gray black white or bright red, not painful because pain receptors are damaged, skin grafts are needed to heal, never be the same, will bubble up never looks like the same
athlete's foot
Fungus infection usually in the skin of the toes and soles, ithcy cracked and bloody, it will grow if it has the right enviroment, an antifungal cream or spray will get rid of it
boils and carbuncles
inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands where an infection spreads to hypodermis, feels warm and hot, varying in size, if infected it fills with fluid, bacteria causes it and it occurs in places with thicker terminal hair, keeping it clean and lancing and draining it will hopefully get rid of it
cold sore
small fluid filled blister that itches and stings, caused by herpe virus, flairs up with UV and stress, prescription medication is treatment not cure
contact dermatitis
intense itching and swelling with redness, exposure of skin to chemicals or irritants like poisin ivy
Impetigo
pink fluid filled raised lesions that develop yellow crust and rupture, highly contagious, caused by a staph infection, common in children, keeping the area clean and moistruzing will help heal it
Psoriasis
chronic ongoing outside of joints, skin will never be the same, dont tan, get itchy, autoimmune attack, medications dont work, UV light helps through
eczema
intense itching and swlling blisters on inside of joints not outside, knee elbow, no one really knows, genetic, anti itch, anti inflamoratory and moisturizer
decubitus ulcer
localized breakdown of skin due to lack of circulation, can get infected also known as a bed sore, movement is the way to prevent them
vitiligo
light spots of skin caused by loss of melanocytes and uneven melanin, heredity immune system disorder, makeup or skin bleaching
seborrhea (cradle cap)
excess amount of oil that crusts and turns yellow, smells bad, scrub head with brush
Demodex
Follicle mite
Skin mites
Such as Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis are some of the smallest anthropods and live in or neat hair follicles.