Integumentary System

Three types of epitheial tissue and why are they organs

Cutaneous, Serous, Mucous
They are organs because they have more than two types of tissue

cutaneous membrane

The skin; composed of epidermal and dermal layers
kertanized cells
on the surface of your body
protects and mantains water levels to prevent dyring out

Kerantinized

Helps make cells tougher, waterproof, stratified squarmus

mucous membrane (mucosa)

This membrane lines passageways that open to the exterior environment.
made of loose connective tissue
absorption and secretion to get cells moist

serous membrane

Membrane that lines a cavity without an opening to the outside of the body
lubriction to allow for movement
has two aprts visceral and parietal

pleura serous membrane

Membrane surrounding the lungs.
(Around the lungs)

pericardium serous membrane

Membrane surrounding the heart.
(Around the heart)

Peritoneum(serous membrane)

abdominal cavity

serous fluid

A clear, watery fluid secreted by the cells of a serous membrane.
lubricates to allow membranes to glide across each other

Keratin

hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails

Epidermis

stratified squamous epithelial that is keratinized at the top
3 main cell types, no blood flow, layered, cells rise to the top in 30 days

Dermis

connective tissue
blisters are when epidermis and dermis spereate and fill with fluid
leather, has blood flow, thickest layer, sags as you age

Hypodermis

adipose
shock absorber that is loosely attached

Keratinocytes

The most abundant epidermal cells, they function mainly to produce keratin.

Keratin

hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails

Melanocytes

a mature melanin-forming cell, typically in the skin.

Melanin

A pigment that gives the skin its color and protects from UV rays to prevent DNA mutations

Langerhans

helps to activate immune systems and plays an active role in eating bacteria, star shaped and comes from bone marrow

Merkel cells

function as touch receptors in association with sensory nerve endings
attached to dermis

stratum corneum

thick layer on outside waterproof keratinn protects skin, dead and flake off

stratum lucidum

isnt always present
protects areas of high use like palms

stratum granulosum

forms a waterproof layer that prevents fluid loss starts to dry out and get thiner only 3-8 cells thick, toughening up

stratum spinosum

keeps skin flexible and strong and severeal layers thick

stratum basale

deepest layer of epidermis
protects deep layers from harm, younger and rounder

function and location of dermis

to bind your body all together, the hide, under the epidermis, has papillary and reticular layers, lots of blood vessels

papillary layer of dermis

collagen, areolar tissue that is heavily vasculated, upper controls fingerprints and grip, has pain and touch receptors, feeds basement membrane

reticular layer of dermis

dense irregular tissue, lower, pressure receptor, ability to be antimicrobial within reasons, 80 percent of the skin

stretch marks

scars from tearing of dermis, stretching quickly over short period of time

blister

seperation of epidermal and dermal layers by a fluid pocket, never giong to reconnect

Carotene

yellow to orange pigement that acculmunates in the stratum corneum and hypodermis, found in foods, photosynthesis pigament

Hemoglobin

Oxygen carrying pigment in red blood cells

How does tanning occur?

Melanocytes produce melanin; sun exposure increases the amount of melanin produced, which makes the skin tan

eccrine glands

glands that produce sweat; found over most of the body

aprocrine sweat glands

- ducts empty into hair follicles
- location : axillary and inguinal regions
- active when in pain, scared, nervous, emotion
- has an odor bc of bacteria breaking down the secretion

sebaceous glands

secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis
all over your body exceept for your palms, and sole of feet. slows down water loss caused by hormones

sebum

oil

Creuminous glands

secretors of cerumen, or earwax; located in the auditory canal

hair shaft

visible part of the hair

hair root

The part of the hair located below the surface of the epidermis.

hair follicle

a small tubular cavity containing the root of a hair

bulb

the base of a hair follicle and its surrounding dermal root sheath, containing the papilla of the hair and matrix

plexus

large, interlacing network of nerves attahed to end of hair

arrector pili muscle

The small, involuntary muscle in the base of the hair follicle.
causes hair to stand on end

vellus hair

pale, fine body hair of children and adult females, all over the body and it can change into terminal hair when hormonal changes occur

terminal hair

Long, coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and bodies of males and females., gonna have apocrine sweat glands

parts of the fingernail

free edge, nail body or plate, lanula, eponychium or cuticle, nail root

chemical barriers of skin

acidic skin secretions upper layers of keratinized skin rpevents chemicals from getting through

mechancial barrier

many layers of keratinized cells and skin, hard dry cells that keep strength

immune system

langerhans cells activate the immune system and deal with forgein bodies

heat loss and retention

sweat glands and hair, sweating and or blood flushes to skin in capillary beds to reduce heat, retain heat, not allowing blood to flush skin and hair to retain layer of air around you

Responsiveness

nervous sensors, plexus, by keeping open nerve endings we can sense outside stimuli, in cutaneous layers

vit D sythesis

chlosteral molecules in skin are converted to vit D by uv rays to be used in other body parts

blood resevroir

dermal tissue holds blood allowing the nerouvs system to draw blood out of it in times of peril

excretion

released through perspiration by sweat glands

first degree burn

damges only epidermis, symptoms include swelling,redness and pain, example is sunburn

second degree burn

damages both the epidermis and parts of the dermis, mimics first degree burn symptoms but has blisters, take 3-4 weeks to heal if taken care of, skin never be the same again.slight scarring, killing melanocytes, kills keratinocytes
spill something on you that is hard to get rid of, infection prone

third degree burn

burns all of the skin, may appear gray black white or bright red, not painful because pain receptors are damaged, skin grafts are needed to heal, never be the same, will bubble up never looks like the same

athlete's foot

Fungus infection usually in the skin of the toes and soles, ithcy cracked and bloody, it will grow if it has the right enviroment, an antifungal cream or spray will get rid of it

boils and carbuncles

inflammation of hair follicles and sebaceous glands where an infection spreads to hypodermis, feels warm and hot, varying in size, if infected it fills with fluid, bacteria causes it and it occurs in places with thicker terminal hair, keeping it clean and lancing and draining it will hopefully get rid of it

cold sore

small fluid filled blister that itches and stings, caused by herpe virus, flairs up with UV and stress, prescription medication is treatment not cure

contact dermatitis

intense itching and swelling with redness, exposure of skin to chemicals or irritants like poisin ivy

Impetigo

pink fluid filled raised lesions that develop yellow crust and rupture, highly contagious, caused by a staph infection, common in children, keeping the area clean and moistruzing will help heal it

Psoriasis

chronic ongoing outside of joints, skin will never be the same, dont tan, get itchy, autoimmune attack, medications dont work, UV light helps through

eczema

intense itching and swlling blisters on inside of joints not outside, knee elbow, no one really knows, genetic, anti itch, anti inflamoratory and moisturizer

decubitus ulcer

localized breakdown of skin due to lack of circulation, can get infected also known as a bed sore, movement is the way to prevent them

vitiligo

light spots of skin caused by loss of melanocytes and uneven melanin, heredity immune system disorder, makeup or skin bleaching

seborrhea (cradle cap)

excess amount of oil that crusts and turns yellow, smells bad, scrub head with brush

Demodex

Follicle mite

Skin mites

Such as Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis are some of the smallest anthropods and live in or neat hair follicles.