IRONMAN 6

RAPID DIAGNOSIS

Primary importance of FROZEN SECTIONS

ALCOHOLIC FIXATIVES

Carbohydrate fixation

NEUTRAL BUFFERED FORMALDEHYDE OR FORMALDEHYDE VAPOR

Protein fixation

ALCOHOL-BASED such as Rossman's fluid or cold absolute alcohol

Glycogen fixation

MERCURIC CHLORIDE

fixative of choice for TISSUE PHOTOGRAPHY

LIVER, SPLEEN, CONNECTIVE TISSUE FIBERS and NUCLEI

Zenker's fluid is for

PITUITARY GLAND, BM, BLOOD-CONTAINING ORGANS SUCH AS SPLEEN AND LIVER

Zenker's-formol (Helly's) is for

Heidenhain's susa solution

Fixative for TUMOR BIOPSIES ESPECIALLY SKIN

Regaud's (Moller's/Muller's) fluid

Fixative for CHROMATIN, MITOTIC FIGURES, GOLGI BODIES, RBC and colloid-containing tissues

Orth's fluid

Fixative for study of early degenerative process and tissue necrosis, demonstrates rickettsia and other bacteria

LEAD FIXATIVES

Fixative for ACID MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES

BOUIN'S

fixation of embryos and pituitary biopsies

KIDNEY structures

lipid

mucus

Bouin's is NOT SUITABLE FOR FIXING:

17°C

Glacial acetic acid solidifies at

Carnoy's fluid

Fixative for CHROMOSOMES, LYMPH GLAND AND URGENT BIOPSIES

Newcomer's fluid

fixing of mucopolysaccharides and nuclear proteins

NITRIC ACID

most common and fastest decalcifying agent

PERENYI'S FLUID

decalcifies and softens tissues at the same time

X-ray or radiological method

most ideal, most sensitive method for determining the extent of decalcification

EPON (PLASTIC MEDIUM)

Embedding medium for electron microscopy

REGRESSIVE STAINING

Method of manual H and E staining

45 to 50°C, approximately 6-10°C lower than the MP of wax

Temp of Flotation water bath

ORCEIN

vegetable dye extracted from LICHENS

IODINE

probably the oldest of all stains

LICHENS

Orcein is a vegetable dye extracted from

JANUS GREEN

Stain for demonstrating MITOCHONDRIA

PAS

AZOCARMINE

Stain for the basement membrane

TOLUIDINE BLUE

CRESYL VIOLET ACETATE

Stain for Helicobacter pylori

1.518

Mountant refractive index should be as close as possible to that of the glass slide which is

RABBIT

most frequently used animal for POLYCLONAL ANTIBODIES

MICE

most frequently used animal for MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES

CONSISTENTLY ALKALINE

In renal tubular acidosis, the pH of urine is

150 mg

Daily loss of protein in urine, normally does not exceed

160 to 180 mg/dL

Renal threshold for glucose is:

ammonium sulfate (BLONDHEIM'S TEST)

Differentiates Hb from Mgb

CRYSTAL VIOLET AND SAFRANIN

Sternheimer-Malbin stain contains

Pseudocasts

formed by amorphous urates

Amorphous urates

Pseudocasts are formed by

ACUTE GLOMERULOPNEPHRITIS

Moderate hematuria and RBC casts

PYELONEPHRITIS

Pyuria with bacterial and WBC casts

HIPPURIC ACID

Crystals appears in urine as long, thin hexagonal plate, and is linked to ingestion of large amounts of benzoic acid

Oval fat bodies

lipid-containing RTE cells

NEPHROTIC SYNDROME (Heavy Proteinuria >4 g/day)

GREATEST PROTEINURIA

CALCIUM OXALATE

Whewellite and weddellite kidney stones

Struvite

TRIPLE PHOSPHATE/magnesium ammonium phosphate

Apatite

CALCIUM PHOSPHATE

Limulus lysate test

Gram negative bacterial endotoxin

WET PREP ON PRE-WARMED SLIDE

Characteristic pseudopod mobility of amoeba in CSF are seen using

uric acid or monosodium urate

Crystals in GOUT

Calcium pyrophosphate

Crystals in PSEUDOGOUT