Period of Enlightment (1872-1898) (copy)

In 19th Century, Filipino intellectuals educated in Europe called ilustrados began to write about the hitch of colonization

The Propaganda Movement 1872 - 1896

This movement was spearheaded mostly by the intellectual middle-class like Jose Rizal, Marcelo del Pilar; Graciano Lopez Jaena, Antonio Luna, Mariano Ponce, Jose Ma. Panganiban, and Pedro Paterno.

Noli Me Tangere

Jose Rizal

A novel about the challenges Crisostomo Ibarra faced from the local friar and Spanish government as he returned to the Philippines from Europe.

El Filibusterismo

Jose Rizal

A sequel of Noli Me Tangere; it is about the life of Crisostomo Ibarra in a new persona (Simoun) as he returns in the Philippines to seek revenge from his enemies.

Kaingat Cayo

A writing of Del Pilar as a response to Fr. Rodriguez’s attack on Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere.

• Kaingat Cayo

• Dasalan at Tocsohan

Works of Marcelo del Pilar (2)

Dasalan at Tocsohan

parody of prayers

Cartilla ng Katipunan

Emilio Jacinto

A decalogue that lists down the rules and duties of Katipunan members ( Ten Commandments of the Katipunan) BONIFACIO’S

Cartilla ng Katipunan

Work of Emilio Jacinto:

Pag-ibig sa tinubuang lupa

A poem that explains the reason for the love of country as the highest form of love

Excerpt from the poem:

Ito’y ang Inang Bayang tinubuan, siya’y ina’t tangi na kinalimutan ng kawili-wiling liwanag ng araw nagbibigay-init sa buong katawan.

• Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa

• Ang Dapat Mabatid nang mga Tagalog

• Katapusang Hibik Ng Filipinas

Andres Bonifacio‘s works (3)

Ang Dapat Mabatid nang mga Tagalog

An essay that explains how Philippine natives are abused and oppressed by the Spanish colonial government

Katapusang Hibik ng Filipinas

A poem about sacrifice for the motherland

The American Regime 1898 - 1944

1898 - 1944

Linguistically, Americans influenced Filipino writers to write using the English language

The Spaniards was defeated by the Americans

Who was defeated during the Spanish - America war?

1. The introduction of free public instruction for all children of school age, and

2. The use of English as a medium of instruction in all levels of education in public schools (Santiago, 2015).

What are the two significant developments in education and culture in the Philippine literary production?

Pinaglahuan (under short stories n novels)

A novel about the struggle of Luis Gatbuhay to secure the freedom of Filipinos from Americans and rights from a powerful class

Faustino Aguilar

Who wrote Pinaglahuan?

Banaag at Sikat (under short stories n novels)

Lope K. Santos

A novel about Delfin and Felipe who are advocating for the rights of the farmers

Lope K. Santos

Who wrote Banaag at Sikat?

Dead Stars by Paz Marquez Benitez (under short stories and novels)

About Alfredo Salazar, engaged with Esperanza, who keeps a secret affair to another woman

How my Brother Leon Brought Home a wife by Manuel Arguilla (under short stories & novels)

About Leon who got home with his new wife, Maria. Leon’s family welcomed the woman while the father remains sceptic about her.

Filipino Rebel by Maximo Kalaw (under short stories & novels)

About the love story of couple living during American occupation

Hindi Aco Patay Juan Matapang Cruz (under PLAYS)

About how Karangalan and Tangulan faced their enemy Macamcam (symbolism of American power)

Walang Sugat by Severino Reyes (under PLAYS)

A love story between Tenyong and Julia during Philippine Revolution

The Japanese Period 1941-1945

, the Philippine literature was interrupted in its development when another foreign country, Japan conquered the Philippines. Philippine literature in English came to a halt. Except for the TRIBUNE and the PHILIPPINE REVIEW, almost all newspapers in English were stopped by the Japanese

Japan Authorities

encouraged Filipinos to write literature in Tagalog and Nihongo as part of their goal of Asia for Asians while destroying Literary pieces written in English.

The Japanese Period 1941-1945

Literature written during this period was about patriotism, rural living, and love

Liwayway Magazine (under short stories & magazine)

has been released weekly magazine which features short stories, poems, and essays written by Filipino writers

Lupang Tinubuan Narciso Reyes (under short stories)

A story about Danding who went to their province and learned from his grandfather as the grandfather reminisce the struggle of Danding’s father during his childhood and his participation in the Philippine Revolution.

Uhaw sa Tigang na Lupa Liwayway Arceo (under short stories)

A story about a child who was curious about the cold relationship between her parents only to find out that the father has another loved one

Panday Pira by Jose Ma. Hernandez (under Theatrical Plays)

About the life of Panday Pira, a blacksmith during the early period of Spanish occupation

Sa Pula, Sa Puti by Francisco Soc Rodrigo (under Theatrical Plays)

About the series of unfortunate betting of Nicholas in cockfighting

A poem that emerged during the Japanese Period

1. Palay siyangmatino

   Nang humangi’yyumuko,

   Ngunit muling tumayo

   Nagkabungang ginto

2. Tutubi Hila mo’y tabak

   Ang bulaklak nanginig

   Sa paglapit mo

Haiku

A type of poem that emerged during the Japanese Period

A poem of free verse that the Japanese like. It was made up of 17 syllables divided into three lines

Tanaga

A type of poem that emerged during the Japanese Period

Filipino poem like the Haiku, is short, but it had measure and rhyme. It has four lines with seven syllables each with the same rhyme at the end of each line.

Karaniwang Anya

A type of poem that emerged during the Japanese Period

Usual form, conventional

The Period of Activism 1970-1972

1970-1972

According to Paciano Pineda, youth of activism in 1970 1972 was due to domestic and worldwide causes. Because of the ills of society, the youth moved to seek reforms

For what reason?

Many young people became activists to ask for changes in the government.

The Literary Revolution

The youth became completely rebellious during this period. This was proven not only in the bloody demonstrations and in the sidewalk expressions but also in literature. Campus newspapers showed rebellious emotions. The once-aristocratic writers developed awareness of society. They held pens and wrote on placards in red paint the equivalent of the word MAKIBAKA (To dare!)

MAKIBAKA (To dare!)

They held pens and wrote on placards in red paint the equivalent of the word:

Thomasites

What teachers were called im during American Regime

September 1, 1939

When did WW2 started?

1914’

What year did WW1 started