Range of Motion

Shoulder Flexion Norm

0-180

Shoulder Flexion Prime Movers

• Anterior fibers of deltoid

• Upper fibers of Pec Major

• Biceps Brachii

• Coracobrachialis

Shoulder Flexion Axis 

lateral aspect of glenohumeral joint 

Shoulder Flexion Stationary Arm 

parallel to lateral midline of trunk 

Shoulder Flexion Moving arm

parallel to humerus

Shoulder Extension Norm

0-60

Shoulder Extension Prime Movers

• Posterior fibers of Deltoid

• Latissimus dorsi

• Teres Major 

• Lower fibers of Pec Major

• Long head of triceps 

Shoulder Extension Axis 

Lateral aspect of glenohumeral joint (1 in. below acromion process)

Shoulder Extension Stationary Arm

parallel to midline of trunk

Shoulder Extension Moving arm

parallel to humerus

Shoulder Abduction Norm

0-180

Shoulder Abduction Prime movers

• Deltoid

• Supraspinatus

Shoulder Abduction Axis

point through anterior/posterior aspect of glenohumeral joint ( 1 in. below acrominon process) 

Shoulder Abduction Stationary Arm 

Along trunk, parallel to spine

Shoulder Abduction Moving arm

parallel to humerus

Shoulder Adduction Norm

0-180

Shoulder Adduction Prime Movers

• Lattissimus dorsi

• Teres Major

• Infraspinatus

• Teres minor

• Pec Major

• Long head of triceps

• Coracobrachialis

Horizontal Shoulder Adduction Norm

0-140

Horizontal Shoulder Adduction Prime Movers

• anterior fibers of Deltoid

• Upper fibers of pec major

Horizontal Shoulder Adduction Moving arm 

parallel to axis of humerus

Horizontal Shoulder Adduction Axis

On top of acromion process

Horizontal Shoulder Adduction Stationary arm

parallel to humerus and remains perpendicular to body as humerus moves anteriorly

Horizonatal Abduction norm

0-45

Horizontal Abduction Prime Movers

Posterior fibers of Deltoid

Horizontal Abduction Axis 

on top of acromion process

Horizontal Abduction Stationary Arm

parallel to shaft of humerus; remains perpendicular to body as humerus moves posteriorly

Horizonal Abduction Moving arm

parallel to humerus