European Crusades and Culture in the Middle Ages

Flashcards covering the key concepts related to the Crusades, the impact of the Catholic Church, cultural developments during the Middle Ages, and significant historical figures.

Why did Western Europeans go on crusades?

To help the Byzantine Empire against Muslim forces and to capture Jerusalem.

What significant event happened in 1071?

The Byzantine Empire was defeated by Muslim Turks.

What did Pope Urban II hope to achieve by launching the Crusades?

A reunion of the Eastern Orthodox Church with the Roman Catholic Church.

What were the four states established by Crusaders in the Holy Land?

The Kingdom of Jerusalem, Edessa, Antioch, and Tripoli.

Who was Saladin?

A brilliant Muslim general who took back Jerusalem in 1174.

What did the Crusades contribute to the European economy?

A demand for eastern goods like spices, sugar, lemons, and silk.

What was the significance of the Magna Carta?

It limited the power of the king and upheld the rights of freemen.

What style of architecture replaced Romanesque with flying buttresses?

Gothic.

Who were the Franciscans?

A religious order known for their cheerfulness and deep love of nature.

What was the Spanish Inquisition?

A tribunal to address allegations of heresy and enforce Catholic conformity.

What is the Reconquista?

The effort by Christians to drive Muslims out of the Iberian Peninsula.

Who was Joan of Arc?

A French heroine who inspired soldiers to defeat the English.

What significant learning institutions developed during the Middle Ages?

Universities.

What was the most important sacrament in medieval Christianity?

Holy Communion.

How did the role of the Catholic Church influence daily life in medieval Europe?

It shaped many aspects, including rituals, community gatherings, and moral guidance.