Pathophysiology: Esophagus and Stomach

This flashcard set covers key terms and concepts related to the pathophysiology of the esophagus and stomach, essential for understanding gastrointestinal conditions.

Esophageal stenosis/stricture

Narrowing of the esophagus due to fibrous thickening of the submucosa and atrophy of the muscularis propria, often caused by inflammation and scarring.

Esophageal dysmotility

Disruption of coordinated contractions or spasms of the esophagus leading to difficulties in swallowing.

Barrett's esophagus

A complication of chronic GERD characterized by changes in the esophageal lining due to chronic acid exposure.

Achalasia

A disorder where the lower esophageal sphincter fails to relax properly, leading to the obstruction of food movement into the stomach.

Esophagitis

Inflammation of the esophagus, which may cause pain, difficulty swallowing, and digestive issues.

Caustic esophagitis

Damage to the esophagus caused by ingestion of corrosive substances, such as alkali or acids.

GERD

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, a chronic digestive condition where stomach acid flows back into the esophagus.

Esophageal varices

Enlarged veins in the esophagus that may rupture and cause life-threatening bleeding, often seen in liver disease.

Peptic ulcer disease

A condition where sores develop on the lining of the stomach or the first part of the small intestine.

Stress-Related Mucosal Disease

Gastric mucosal injury that occurs during periods of physiological stress.