Junior Cert Music

Triadic melodies

Use notes from specific triads in a key signature I - iii - V

Sequence

Musical idea repeated at a higher/lower pitch

Imitation

Melody performed on one instrument and then copied on another instrument immediately after

Repeated notes

Notes of same pitch repeated many times in a melody

Step movement

When notes move up/down by a single note

Leap movement

When notes move up/down by more than a single note

Sustained notes

Notes held for a longer duration than others

Rests

Symbols that indicate moments of silence in music

Anacrusis

A beat or series of beats that is sometimes added before the first beat of a bar

Syncopation

When emphasis is on weaker beats of a bar

String instruments

Violin, viola, cello, double bass, harp

Woodwind instruments

Clarinet, bassoon, flute, oboe

Brass instruments

Trumpet, trombone, tuba, French horn

Percussion instruments

Xylophone, triangle, cymbal, timpani

Tempo

Speed of the pulse

Dynamics

Volume

Timbre

Unique tone quality of different sounds, voices and instruments

Mood

Feeling of a song

Tonality

Major/minor

Monophonic

One melody, no accompaniment

Homophonic

One melody with accompaniment

Polyphonic

2 or more melodies played at the same time

Renaissance era elements

Mostly polyphonic and vocals

Renaissance era Instruments

Tambourine, recorder, harp

Baroque era instruments

Organ, harpsichord, violin, viola, cello, double bass

Baroque Composer

Vivaldi

features of baroque

terraced dynamics

ornamentation

Mostly instrumental,

complex polyphonic textures

2 examples of Baroque music

'hornpipe from winter music' by handel

'Spring from the four seasons' by Vavaldi

Classical era features

Mostly homophonic, symphony and sonata used, very structured

Composer: Mozart

Classical era Instruments

Piano, timpani, bassoon, orchestral instruments

Classical era Composer

Mozart

Sonata

Instrumental genre in several movements for a soloist or small ensemble

Symphony

A very long piece of music that's played by an orchestra

1 example of classical music

'Symphony Number 40' by Mozart

Romantic era instruments

Orchestra - brass, percussion and woodwind more widely used

features of romantic era

Programme music, more expressive melodies, nationalism

romantic era composer

Tchaikovsky

Modern era (1910-present) features

More complex, large variety of keys & tonality, serialism, freedom

Programme note

Used to inform an audience on the content of a performance

4 voice types in Choir

Soprano, alto, tenor, bass

What is IMRO?

Irish Music Rights Organisation, protects artists' copyrighted works

Copyright

Set of property rights that the creator of an original piece of work has

Royalties

Fees paid to an artist when someone else uses their work with permission

Sampling

Taking a portion of music from a song that already exists and include it in a new song

Jig

Irish dance tune with 6/8 time

Reel

Fast, time signature of 4/4

Hornpipe

Slow and steady, time signature of 4/4

Programme music

Descriptive music that tells a story

Movement

Section within a larger work

Suite

Collection of pieces of music grouped together

2 examples of programme music

darth vader theme song by john williams

four seasons by vavaildi

Pentatonic scale

5 note scale

Chromatic scale

12 note scale, each note half a step apart

Cadence

Two-chord progression used at the end of a piece or phrase of music

Perfect cadence

Chord V followed by I

Plagal cadence

Chord IV followed by I

Imperfect cadence

Any chord followed by V

Interrupted cadence

Chord V followed by VI

C major

No sharps or flats

F major

1 flat, B

Bb major

2 flats, B and E

G major

1 sharp, F

D major

2 sharps, F and C

3 Irish artists and their songs

'Night Changes' by Niall Horan

'beatiful day' by U2

'Zombie' by The Cranberries

Unitary form

AAA

Binary form

AABB

Ternary form

ABA

'grace' - 2 composers

rob stuart

jim mcann

jim mcann version only

banjo

fiddle

gutair

folk style music

rob stuart version only

accordian

backing singers

double bass

sytheisier

in both grace versions

male singers

instrumental intro

simple gutair accompanyment

counter melody on violin

Music in Advertising example

GoCompare's TV Advert Mamma Mia.

What is the ad about?

getting insurance

features of the ad

Speaking is the focal point

Quiet environmental found sounds - link with the message of the company

-car horn, filling a car with petrol

Solo tune in the background

Most common chord progression

I-IV-V-I

2 songs with the same chord progression

we found love - rhiana
pumped up kicks - foster the people

How is the chord progression of these 2 songs similar?

Same chord progression of vi-I-IV-V in the key of F

Incidental music

Music used in a film or play as a background to create or enhance a particular atmosphere

The Shining Theme

Composed by Rachel Elkind and Wendy Carlos, creates a tense and unsettling atmosphere through dissonance, staccato, glissando and high-pitched notes