GLY101 Sedimentary Rocks

Which rock type is most likely to contain fossils?

A) Minerals

B) Sedimentary rocks

C) Metamorphic rocks

D) Igneous rocks

B) Sedimentary rocks

Which rock type makes up the majority of Earth's outermost solid surface?

A) Sedimentary rocks

B) Metamorphic rocks

C) Igneous rocks

A) Sedimentary rocks

What is diagenesis?

A) The two-stage cooling process that creates porphyritic rocks

B) The change from a sedimentary rock to a metamorphic rock

C) The weathering of a carbonate rock due to dissolution

D) The changes that convert sediments to sedimentary rocks after deposition

D) The changes that convert sediments to sedimentary rocks after deposition

Which of these processes describes eroding of existent rocks and ions to produce sediments?

A) Weathering

B) Deposition

C) Aggregation

D) Transportation

A) Weathering

Which minerals are the main constituents in most sedimentary rocks?

A) Calcite and silica

B) Orthoclase and plagioclase

C) Quartz and clay minerals

D) Micas and feldspars

C) Quartz and clay minerals

Which of the following rocks composed of silt- and clay-sized particles displays fissility?

A) Mudstone

B) Shale

C) Claystone

D) Siltstone

B) Shale

Which environment would be likely to produce a black shale?

A) Swamp

B) Shallow marine bay

C) Forest

D) Eolian dunes

A) Swamp

__________ describes the range in particle sizes in a detrital sedimentary rock.

A) Shape

B) Sorting

C) Cementation

D) Size

B) Sorting

Which of the following methods of transportation will result in the best degree of sorting?

A) Streams

B) Waves on a beach

C) Glaciers

D) Wind

D) Wind

Which of the following methods of transportation will result in the least sorted deposit?

A) Wind

B) Waves on a beach

C) Streams

D) Rock fall

D) Rock fall

Which of the following best describes the texture of a conglomerate?

A) Rounded fragments; poorly sorted

B) Angular fragments; poorly sorted

C) Rounded fragments; well sorted

D) Angular fragments; well sorted

A) Rounded fragments; poorly sorted

Which is the most abundant chemical sedimentary rock?

A) Limestone

B) Chert

C) Rock Gypsum

D) Dolomite

A) Limestone

____________ processes, such as evaporation or precipitation, can precipitate chemical sediments.

A) Detrital

B) Organic

C) Biological

D) Inorganic

Inorganic

The famous Permian ________ reefs in the Guadalupe Mountains National Park are a rich source of organic material.

A) shale

B) sandstone

C) limestone

D) conglomerate

C) limestone

_________ are tiny "seed" particles created when small sediments or shell fragments are rolled by waves in water supersaturated with calcium carbonate.

A) Bryozoans

B) Cave pearls

C) Nodules

D) Ooids

D) Ooids

Which of the following best describes interbedded gypsum and halite?

A) Detrital sedimentary rocks

B) Evaporitic sedimentary rocks

C) Carbonate sedimentary rocks

D) Biochemical sedimentary rocks

B) Evaporitic sedimentary rocks

A soft, porous rock made up almost entirely of the hard parts of microscopic marine organisms is ________.

A) chalk

B) coquina

C) calcite

D) chert

A) chalk

Which of the following locations will see the deposition of sylvite and gypsum?

A) Evaporating sea basins

B) Shallow marine environments

C) Volcanic ash settling out in a lake

D) Groundwater moving through a rock

A) Evaporation sea basins

The mineral ________ is composed of calcium carbonate with magnesium incorporation in its chemical structure.

A) calcite

B) halite

C) dolostone

D) chert

C) dolostone

Which of these forms of coal is a metamorphic rock?

A) Anthracite

B) Lignite

C) Peat

D) Bituminous

A) Anthracite

Compaction will be the most significant lithification process for which of the following rocks?

A) Arkose

B) Conglomerate

C) Shale

D) Sandstone

C) Shale

The primary basis for classifying detrital rocks is ________ whereas the primary basis for classifying chemical rocks is ________.

A) particle shape; trace elements

B) sorting; density

C) crystalline structure; Sorting

D) particle size; mineral composition

D) particle size; mineral composition

Medium grains are those that are between ________ mm in size.

A) 2 to 4

B) 1/16 to 2

C) 1/64 to 1/16

D) 1/128 to 1/64

B) 1/16 to 2

A ________ describes the observation of successive changes in a laterally continuous sedimentary layer that are visible and are interpreted as a result of many depositional processes taking place over a large area.

A) delta

B) turbidity current

C) transitional environment

D) facies

D) facies

Which of the following represents the single most common and characteristic structures in sedimentary rocks?

A) Mudcracks

B) Cross-bedding

C) Crystalline texture

D) Strata

D) Strata

A __________ marks the end of one episode of sedimentation and the beginning of another.

A) ripplemark

B) graded bed

C) cross-bedding

D) bedding plane

D) bedding plane

__________ is a variety of sandstone that is associated with submarine landslides are turbidity currents.

A) Arkose

B) Conglomerate

C) Graywacke

D) Quartz sandstone

C) Graywacke

Which of these aquatic organisms can form chemical sediments?

A) Corals

B) Bacteria and corals

C) Bivalves, corals, bacteria, and coccolithophores

D) Coccolithophores

C) Bivalves, corals, bacteria, and coccolithophores

What sediment particle size(s) make up shale?

A) Sand and silt

B) Silt and clay

C) Silt

D) Gravel

B) Silt and clay

What information can evaporites provide about the past environment of deposition?

A) The paleoenvironment was dry and becoming wetter.

B) The paleoenvironment was arid.

C) The paleoenvironment was wet.

D) The paleoenvironment was wet and in the process of drying up.

D) The paleoenvironment was wet and in the process of drying up.