Child & Preadolescent Nutrition

Explain the age groups for middle childhood & preadolescence

• Middle childhood→ ages 5 to 10 years

• Preadolescence→

  • Girls: Ages 9 to 11

  • Boys: Ages 10 to 12

• School age→ all

How much weight should school age children gain? Height?

• 7lbs

• 2.5inches

What increase happens to school age children’s bodies in prep for growth spurt?

• Body fat/ BMI rebound

What cognitive developments happen for school-age children?

• Sense of self

• preoperational transitions to concrete

What developments in feeding skills happen for schoolage kids?

• Better motor coordination & master utensils

• Learn basic nutrition facts

• Really need to eat meals with fam

What are some external influences of eating behaviors?

• Peer influence (fav foods of friends eg)

• School Policy (vending machines)

• Volunteers and workers (eg teachers)

• Media (Tv, show, etc)

What’s the name of the agency that advertises/broadcasts food to kids? Who controls?

• Canadian Association of Broadcasters (CAB)

• BCAC rules say that they must be factual & respectful, & only shown max every 30 mins

What ABCD findings to check for?

• Anthropometric

  • height, growth chart

• Biochemical

  • Risk of protein energy malnutrition (PEM)

• Clinical

  • Fatigue, mood swing, apathy, depression

  • Dry skin, dull hair, decayed teeth, bleeding gum

• Dietary

  • energy, protein, iron & calcium intakes, eating habits, supplements

What are Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges?

• Carb: 45-65%

• Protein: 10-30%

  • 0.95g/kg

• Fat: 25-35

How much iron, zinc, calcium, vit D?

• Iron

  • 10mg (4-8y)

  • 8mg (9-13)

• Zinc

  • 5mg (4-8y)

  • 8mg (9-13y)

• Calcium

  • 1000mg (4-8y)

  • 1300mg (9-18y)

• Vit D

  • 15ug/600IU (4-18y)

How often to kids need to eat?

• Every 4-6 hours

• Liver can only hold enough glycogen for 4 hours

Explain a misconception about food intolerance

• Does not involve the immune system & does not cause severe allergic reactions

What are some predictors or risk factors for food intolerance?

• Chemicals (e.g. histamines, msg)

• Digestive disorders

  (Obstruction, injury)

• Enzyme deficiencies

(Lactase → lactose intolerance)

• Psychological aversions

What are the two types of lactose intolerance?

• Primary: Genetic Enzyme Issues

  • common among ethnicities

• Secondary: Small bowel infection

• Don’t fully stop dairy bc calcium and Vit D deficiencies

Describe food allergy

• immune system over-reaction to a

  certain food → antibody production

• Can be outgrown

• Immediate or delayed reactions

Explain Caffeine effects

• Overlooked as a source of hyper behavior

• Irregular heartbeet, sleeplessness, etc

• Limit to 62.5-85mg

What are some characteristics of overweight children?

• Taller and look older

• Advanced bone age

• Earlier sexual maturity

• Higher risk for health consequences of obesity

• Often way too much TV

What are some exercise recommendations?

• Min 60min activity

• 3 days a week for vigorous activity

• Limit screentime to 2hours a day

What’s the 80/20 rule

• Sell more of 80% food, should be healthy like yogurt and veggies

• Sell less than 20% sugary bad food