Fluid & Electrolytes PT1 (EXAM 1)

What are three categories of people where variations in fluid content vary?

infants, gender and amount of fat cells, health person

In a healthy person what is the percentage range of body water to body weight?

50-60% of body weight

True or False: An infant has a considerably more body fluid and ECF than an adult.

true

What are infants more prone to given their variation of fluid content?

fluid volume deficits (easier to get dehyrdrated)

Women and obese people have more adipose tissue which means what in regards to % of water?

lower % of water

People with a lean body mass tend to have a ______ % of water?

higher

What’s the direction and amount of movement for capillary hydrostatic pressure?

pushes fluid out of the capillary and into the interstitial space

What’s the direction and amount of movement for plasma oncotic pressure?

pulls fluid into the capillary from the interstitial space

What’s the direction and amount of movement for interstitial hydrostatic pressure?

pushes fluid from the interstitial space into the capillary

What’s the direction and amount of movement for interstitial oncotic pressure?

pulls fluid into the interstitial space from the capillary

What is 1st space shifting?

normal distribution of fluid in both ECF compartment and ICF compartment

What is 2nd space shifting? Give an example.

excess accumulation of interstitial fluid (peripheral edema, pulmonary edema)

What is 3rd space shifting? Give an example.

fluid accumulation in areas that normally have no or little amounts of fluids (ascites, pleural effusion)

What is a Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)?

A blood test that measures glucose, electrolytes, and kidney function, providing important information about metabolic and organ function.

What is Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) also called?

chemistry metabolic panel (CMP)

What components are all included in the Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)?

electrolytes, BUN (blood urea nitrogen), creatinine, and glucose

What are the electrolytes that are included in the basic metabolic panel (BMP)?

sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus

What is BUN (blood urea nitrogen)?

the accumulation of urea - occurs as a byproduct of the breaking down of proteins

What is the normal range of BUN in an BMP?

6-20 mg/dL

What is creatinine a by-product of what?

metabolism

What is the normal range of creatinine for men in a BMP?

0.6-1.2 mg/dL

What is the normal range of creatinine for women in a BMP?

0.4-1.0 mg/dL

Which two components of a BMP check kidney function?

Creatinine and BUN

What is the normal range for glucose levels in the BMP?

70-100 mg/dL

If the plasma level is decreased will lab values appear low or elevated?

lab values will appear elevated

If someone is dehydrated or has decrease oral intake, will the lab values come back as elevated or low?

lab values will come back artificially increased due to there being more concentration with there being less water

If someone is overly hydrated or has an increase in excessive oral intake, will lab values come back as elevated or low?

lab values will come back artificially decreased due to dilution from excess water

For hypervolemia, what would the serum hemoglobin and hematocrit levels be?

decreased, due to the dilution from excess water

For hypervolemia, what would the serum Protein (albumin) level be?

decreased, due to the dilution from excess water

For hypervolemia, what would the urine specific gravity level be?

decreased, due to dilution from excess water (no yellow tinting)

What are other diagnostics that are not BMP?

urinalysis, stool samples, ECG (electrocardiogram)

What is the specific gravity range for a urinalysis?

1.010-1.025

What does specific gravity mean in simpler terms for a urinalysis?

yellowness of urine

What else is measured in urinalysis?

pH, protein, bilirubin, glucose, ketones, bacteria and blood

What is pH range for a urinalysis?

4.5-8.0

True or False: For a urinalysis the following components, protein, bilirubin, glucose, ketones, bacteria and blood should all be negative.

true

Why are stool samples used?

to diagnose certain infections in the blood, parasites, C-diff, H-pylori

What does an ECG (electrocardiogram) measure?

electrical activity of the heart

What is special about the ECG (electrocardiogram) and electrolytes?

the ECG can be affected by changes in electrolytes

What is the nursing intervention of fluid intake?

measuring and monitoring all fluids taken into the body and all fluids leaving the body AKA —> intake and output or I/O

How is fluid intake regulated?

by thirst

What can change fluid intake?

change in plasma osmolarity

What part of the brain is in control of fluid intake

hypothalamus

What are two categories of measuring fluid intake?

oral fluids and IV fluids

What unit should fluids be recorded with?

mL

What are examples of oral fluids?

items which are liquid at room temperatures, enteral feedings (tube feeds)

What are examples of IV fluids?

IV fluids, electrolytes, antibiotics, TPN (total parenteral nutrition)

What can patients experience to be aware about for fluid volume intake?

insensible water loss and accelerated body metabolism

What is insensible water loss?

invisible vaporization from the lungs and skin, assists in regulating body temperature

True or False: Accelerated body metabolism, which occurs with increased body temperature.

true

True or False: Choosing appropriate fluid sources is important and based off the cause of the fluid imbalance.

true, this is important to prevent further complications and to ensure proper fluid and electrolyte balance

What should nurses encourage patients to drink?

water, juice, broth, Gatorade, electrolyte water, coconut water, etc.

What should patients avoid drinking?

caffeinated beverages and carbonated beverages (create a false sense of fullness)