apes 5.6 + 5.14

Insecticides

: insects that consumes crops

Pesticides

: natural/synthetic substances used to kill, repel, control organisms considered pests

Herbicides

: plants compete with crops

Fungicides

: kills fungi + spores

Rodenticide

: kills rodents

Hard/Persistent:

compounds retain toxicity for long periods of time, work way up food chain through animals, may have fatty tissues + stay indefinitely

Soft

reduced-risk pesticides, short-term, does not harm environment/humans

Monocropping:

single crop species is cultivated over large area, every year, on same land

pros + cons pest control methods

• Pros: decreases crop damage + increase crop yields

• Cons: organisms becomes resistant to them through artificial selection, using genetically engineered crops leads to loss of genetic diversity

Integrative Pest Management:

combination of methods used to control pests species while minimizing disruption to environment

Biological:

natural predators, parasites, or pathogens (biocontrol)

Physical

: barriers, traps, or mechanical removal to exclude/capture pests

Cultural

: altering farming practices or adjusting planting times to disrupt pest cycles (crop rotation, intercropping)

Limited Chemical:

targeted, low-toxicity pesticides used only when monitoring indicates threshold is reached

IPM

• Pros: reduces risk that pesticides pose to wildlife, water supplies, human health, minimizes disruption to environment 

• Cons: complex + expensive