IGCSE CIE Sociology 4: Family | Quizlet

Arranged marriage

marriage partners are chosen by older family members rather than people choosing their own marriage partner

Beanpole family

a family with only one child or very few children; combined with rising life expectancy this leads to family trees that look very tall and thin with few people in each generation, rather than bushy, with lots of siblings, aunts, uncles and cousins

Boomerang family

a family in which the adult children have left home but then return

Birth rate

the number of live births per 1,000 people in the population in one year

Cereal packet family

the stereotypical nuclear family of mother, father and children with traditional gender roles that is often shown in advertisements

Child-centeredness

when the child's needs and wishes are the most important considerations

Civil partnership

a relationship between two people usually of the same sex that has been formally registered giving them similar rights to married couples

Cohabitation

two people who are not married to each other living together in an intimate relationship

Commune

a group of people who choose to live together and share at least some of their property

Conjugal roles

the roles taken by the husband and wife within the family resulting from the domestic division of labour

Dark side of the family

the negative aspects of family life such as arguments, abuse, neglect and violence

Death rate

the number of deaths per 1,000 people in the population in one year; also called the mortality rate

Demographic trends

patterns in changes of demographic measures such as the birth rate and death rate

Divorce

the formal, legal ending of a marriage

Divorce rate

the number of divorces per 1,000 people

Domestic division of labour

the way in which tasks in the home (such as cooking, cleaning, childcare and repairs) are divided between the man and woman

Domestic violence

violence within the family, usually but not always by males against females; refers not only to physical violence but also to patterns of controlling behavior that may include emotional manipulation

Dual burden

woman who do paid work as well as look after the home and family are said to have a dual burden - the term 'triple burden' or 'triple shift' is also sometimes used, adding to work and the home the expressive role of looking after the emotional needs of family members

Dual worker families

families in which both the man and woman do paid work

Dysfunctional family

a family that fails to carry out the functions expected of it; for example, where the children are neglected

Empty-nest families

parents living at home together after their adult children have moved out

Empty-shell marriage

a married couple continue to live together but without love or affection

Extended family

a nuclear family living with other relatives such as grandparents or great-grandparents or aunts, uncles and cousins

Family diversity

the increase in the number of different types of families

Family functions

the functions the family has, that is, what roles it plays and for whom, according to functionalist theory

Family roles

the parts played by different members of the family

Feminism

a theoretical perspective that is mainly interested in issues of gender inequality and on the position of women in the family and society

Fertility rate

the number of live births per 1,000 women of child bearing age in the population

Gender

the attitudes, feelings, and behaviors that a given culture associates with a person's biological sex

Gender equality

when men and women have equal roles, status and rights

Household unit

the group of people living together in the same residence and sharing living space

Industrialization

the process in history in which societies changed from being mainly rural and based on agriculture to being urban and with more people working in industries

Joint conjugal roles

the husband and wife carry out many tasks and activities together, so that there is no clear separation of roles

Kinship

when the ties between people are related by descendent (having a common ancestor) by marriage and adoption

Martial breakdown

when a marriage has broken down so that the couple are no longer living as husband and wife; some breakdowns lead to divorce

Marriage

the formal joining of a man and a woman in a relationship with rights and responsibilities; some countries now allow same sex marriage, that is, of two men or two women

Matriarchy

when the mother is the head of the household, with authority over the men and children in the household

Matrifocal family

one in which the mother heads the family and the father has a less important role in the family and in bringing up children

Modern industrial society

created by industrialization; societies that today have industrial economies and high urban populations

Monogamy

being married to one person at a time

Nuclear family

made up of an adult man and an adult woman who are married, or in a relationship, and living together with dependent children

One-parent/Single-parent family

one parent and their dependent children living together

One-person household

when only one person lives in a residence

Patriarchy

a term used by feminists to describe societies and organizations (including the family) in which men are dominant and women are subordinate

Polyandry

when a woman has more than one husband at the same time

Polygamy

being married to more than one person at the same time; for example, a man with several wives or a woman with several husbands

Polygyny

when a man has more than one wife at the same time

Primary socialisation

the process by which infants and young children absorb the basic norms and values of their culture

Reconstituted family

after the death of a partner or a divorce, a new family that is created by someone remarrying

Secularisation

the process by which religion has become less important in the daily lives of many people in modern industrial societies

Segregated conjugal roles

the husband and wife have clearly different roles within the family and different interests and activities

Serial monogamy

when someone has more than one marriage partner during their life, but only one at any given time

Step-child

a child who lives with one biological parent and one step-parent

Step-parent

after remarriage a step-parent shared with their new partner parental responsibility for children from previous marriages

Symmetrical family

a family in which the conjugal roles have became more equal

Traditional conjugal roles

the segregated roles assumed to be normal in the traditional nuclear family

Traditional societies

non-modern societies, contrasted with modern industrial societies

Urbanization

the growth of cities, so that a higher proportion if the population live in cities