NSCI2101 Exam 2 Lec 1

do not do multiple choice with these PLEASE it will be so painful

corticospinal tract (pyramidal tract)

innervates spinal neurons → fine motor control

axons of the dorsal columns (dorsal funiculi) carry sensory information (light touch and vibration) from where?

from the body of the dorsal column nuclei in the medulla, where they synapse

where do axons in the dorsal column carry information to?

first they cross the midline as the sensory decussation and ascend to the thalamus as the medial lemniscus

spinal trigeminal tract

carries pain and touch information from the trigeminal nerve to the spinal trigeminal nucleus

spinal trigeminal nucleus

processes pain and touch information from the face and relays it to the thalamus (diencephalon)

inferior olive

innervates the cerebellum via inferior cerebellar peduncle

sulcus limitans

separates dorsal (sensory) spinal cord from ventral (motor) spinal cord, also exists in the brainstem

pontine nuclei

gets input from cerebral cortex and in turn, innervates the cerebellum. involved with motor control

interior/middle/superior cerebellar peduncles

routes for axons entering and exiting the cerebellum. these also hold the cerebellum onto the brainstem

superior colliculi

two bumps on the dorsal surface of the rostral midbrain that are involved with integrating visual input and motor input

inferior colliculi

two bumps on the dorsal surface of the caudal midbrain that process auditory input

cerebral peduncles

large fiber tracts originating in the cerebral cortex and projecting to the brain stem or spinal cord. corticospinal tract axons comprise part of these

decussation

an anatomical structure where axons cross the midline

what is 1?

midbrain

what is 2?

pons

what is 3?

medulla

what is special about the brainstem?

• it evolutionarily very old

• it contains cranial nerve nuclei

• contains tracts that run long distances

• contains neurons innervating many different parts of the CNS

  • including the “reticular formation”

  • includes cells containing “monoamine” transmitters

what are some examples of monoamine transmitters?

• serotonin

• norepinephrine

• dopamine

reticular formation

involved in sleep and many other functions

what happens to the brainstem as you go rostrally?

• it gets bigger

• changes shape

• gets different lumps and bumps

why does the brainstem change shape?

• structures (tracts or nuclei) get added

• structures end

• structures change size

• fiber tracts move

what is 1?

4th ventricle

what is 2?

medulla

what is 3?

rostral medulla

what is 4?

caudal medulla

what is 1

lateral corticospinal tract

what is 2?

dorsal columns

what is 3?

spinocerebellar tract

what is 4?

spinothalamic tract

what is 5?

anterior corticospinal tract

what is 1?

spinal trigeminal tract

what is 2?

spinal trigeminal nucleus

what is 3?

left dorsal funiculus

what is 4?

dorsal column nuclei

what is 5?

right dorsal funiculus

what is 6?

dorsal horn

what is 7?

spinocerebellar tract

what is 8?

spinothalamic tract

what is 9?

pyramidal tract(s)

what is 10?

pyramidal decussation

what is 11?

ventral horn

what is 1?

sensory decussation

what is 2?

pyramidal tract

what is 3?

spinothalamic tract

what is 4?

spinocerebellar tract

what is 5?

right dorsal funiculus

what is 6?

dorsal column nuclei

what is 1?

fourth ventricle

what is 2?

sulcus limitans

what is 3?

inferior cerebellar peduncle

what is 4?

reticular formation

what is 5?

pyramidal tract

what is 6?

sensory decussation

what is 7?

inferior olive

what is 8?

spinothalamic tract

what is 1?

vestibular nuclei

what is 2?

solitary tract and nucleus

what is 3?

dorsal motor n. of vagus

what is 4?

hypoglossal nucleus

what parts of the rostral medulla are for sensory functions?

• vestibular nuclei

• solitary tract and nucleus

what parts of the rostral medulla are for motor functions?

• dorsal motor n. of vagus

• hypoglossal nucleus

______ create the big bulge of the pons

pontine nuclei

what is the arrow pointing at?

pontine nuclei

what are the arrows pointing at?

pyramidal tracts

what is the arrow pointing at?

pyramidal tracts

Pyramidal fascicles

corticospinal fibers plus corticopontine fibers innervating pontine nuclei

what is the arrow pointing at?

spinothalamic tract

what is 1?

locus coeruleus that produces norepinephrine

what is 2?

raphe nuclei that produces serotonin

what is 1?

cerebellum

what is 2?

middle cerebellar peduncle

what is 3?

superior cerebellar peduncle

what is 1?

cerebral aqueduct

what is 2?

superior cerebellar peduncle

what is 3?

middle cerebellar peduncle

what is 1?

inferior colliculus

what is 2?

spinothalamic tract

what is 3?

medial lemniscus

what is 1?

superior colliculus

what is 2?

superior cerebellar peduncle

what is 1?

spinothalamic tract

what is 2?

middle cerebellar peduncle

what is 3?

red nuclei

what is 4?

superior cerebellar peduncle