Studied by 10 peoplecorticospinal tract (pyramidal tract)
innervates spinal neurons → fine motor control
axons of the dorsal columns (dorsal funiculi) carry sensory information (light touch and vibration) from where?
from the body of the dorsal column nuclei in the medulla, where they synapse
where do axons in the dorsal column carry information to?
first they cross the midline as the sensory decussation and ascend to the thalamus as the medial lemniscus
spinal trigeminal tract
carries pain and touch information from the trigeminal nerve to the spinal trigeminal nucleus
spinal trigeminal nucleus
processes pain and touch information from the face and relays it to the thalamus (diencephalon)
inferior olive
innervates the cerebellum via inferior cerebellar peduncle
sulcus limitans
separates dorsal (sensory) spinal cord from ventral (motor) spinal cord, also exists in the brainstem
pontine nuclei
gets input from cerebral cortex and in turn, innervates the cerebellum. involved with motor control
interior/middle/superior cerebellar peduncles
routes for axons entering and exiting the cerebellum. these also hold the cerebellum onto the brainstem
superior colliculi
two bumps on the dorsal surface of the rostral midbrain that are involved with integrating visual input and motor input
inferior colliculi
two bumps on the dorsal surface of the caudal midbrain that process auditory input
cerebral peduncles
large fiber tracts originating in the cerebral cortex and projecting to the brain stem or spinal cord. corticospinal tract axons comprise part of these
decussation
an anatomical structure where axons cross the midline
what is 1?
midbrain
what is 2?
pons
what is 3?
medulla
what is special about the brainstem?
it evolutionarily very old
it contains cranial nerve nuclei
contains tracts that run long distances
contains neurons innervating many different parts of the CNS
including the “reticular formation”
includes cells containing “monoamine” transmitters
what are some examples of monoamine transmitters?
serotonin
norepinephrine
dopamine
reticular formation
involved in sleep and many other functions
what happens to the brainstem as you go rostrally?
it gets bigger
changes shape
gets different lumps and bumps
why does the brainstem change shape?
structures (tracts or nuclei) get added
structures end
structures change size
fiber tracts move
what is 1?
4th ventricle
what is 2?
medulla
what is 3?
rostral medulla
what is 4?
caudal medulla
what is 1
lateral corticospinal tract
what is 2?
dorsal columns
what is 3?
spinocerebellar tract
what is 4?
spinothalamic tract
what is 5?
anterior corticospinal tract
what is 1?
spinal trigeminal tract
what is 2?
spinal trigeminal nucleus
what is 3?
left dorsal funiculus
what is 4?
dorsal column nuclei
what is 5?
right dorsal funiculus
what is 6?
dorsal horn
what is 7?
spinocerebellar tract
what is 8?
spinothalamic tract
what is 9?
pyramidal tract(s)
what is 10?
pyramidal decussation
what is 11?
ventral horn
what is 1?
sensory decussation
what is 2?
pyramidal tract
what is 3?
spinothalamic tract
what is 4?
spinocerebellar tract
what is 5?
right dorsal funiculus
what is 6?
dorsal column nuclei
what is 1?
fourth ventricle
what is 2?
sulcus limitans
what is 3?
inferior cerebellar peduncle
what is 4?
reticular formation
what is 5?
pyramidal tract
what is 6?
sensory decussation
what is 7?
inferior olive
what is 8?
spinothalamic tract
what is 1?
vestibular nuclei
what is 2?
solitary tract and nucleus
what is 3?
dorsal motor n. of vagus
what is 4?
hypoglossal nucleus
what parts of the rostral medulla are for sensory functions?
vestibular nuclei
solitary tract and nucleus
what parts of the rostral medulla are for motor functions?
dorsal motor n. of vagus
hypoglossal nucleus
______ create the big bulge of the pons
pontine nuclei
what is the arrow pointing at?
pontine nuclei
what are the arrows pointing at?
pyramidal tracts
what is the arrow pointing at?
pyramidal tracts
Pyramidal fascicles
corticospinal fibers plus corticopontine fibers innervating pontine nuclei
what is the arrow pointing at?
spinothalamic tract
what is 1?
locus coeruleus that produces norepinephrine
what is 2?
raphe nuclei that produces serotonin
what is 1?
cerebellum
what is 2?
middle cerebellar peduncle
what is 3?
superior cerebellar peduncle
what is 1?
cerebral aqueduct
what is 2?
superior cerebellar peduncle
what is 3?
middle cerebellar peduncle
what is 1?
inferior colliculus
what is 2?
spinothalamic tract
what is 3?
medial lemniscus
what is 1?
superior colliculus
what is 2?
superior cerebellar peduncle
what is 1?
spinothalamic tract
what is 2?
middle cerebellar peduncle
what is 3?
red nuclei
what is 4?
superior cerebellar peduncle
Note
Flashcard