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What determines the type of urine specimen required for a urine test?
The nature of the test that is ordered.
What is the preferred specimen for routine urinalysis?
First morning urine specimen.
What must patients be given regarding urine specimen collection?
Specific instructions on how to collect the urine specimen.
What type of urine specimen is most commonly obtained?
Random urine specimen.
What is the importance of midstream urine collection?
It prevents contamination from epithelial cells and microorganisms.
What is required when urine is to be cultured for microorganisms?
A clean-catch urine specimen.
How long can urine specimens be refrigerated to prevent deterioration?
6 to 8 hours.
What can be added to urine specimens as a preservative?
Chemical preservatives such as hydrochloric acid, boric acid, and acetic acid.
What are common analytes measured in 24-hour urine specimens?
Protein, Creatinine, Urobilinogen, Calcium, Hormones, Amino acids.
What happens to urine specimens if left at room temperature for too long?
They begin to decompose, causing changes in pH and odor.
What does the volume of urine produced in 24 hours vary with?
Fluid intake, diet, time of day, hormones, and renal function.
What urinary condition is characterized by excessive urination during the night?
Nocturia.
What is polyuria?
Excessive production of urine, over 2000 mL in 24 hours.
What is the primary reason for needing a clean-catch midstream specimen for a culture?
To avoid contamination before culturing.
What is the protocol for urine drug screening?
identification, signed consent, collection monitoring, and immediate temperature recording.
What factors can influence urine volume?
Fluid intake, diet, time of day, and hormonal levels.
What type of urine specimen require specific preservative containers?
24-hour urine specimen
What is required when collecting a 24-hour urine specimen?
All urine must be collected within a 24-hour timeframe, starting with an empty bladder.
What are potential causes for urine specimen rejection in a laboratory?
Unlabeled samples, leaky containers, contaminated samples, and delayed transport.
What must accompany preservatives when urine specimens are processed?
Material safety data sheets explaining potential hazards.
How should urine specimens be disposed of?
In ordinary sewage systems, followed by flushing with water and disinfectants.
What is a significant difference between first morning and random urine specimens?
First morning specimens are usually more concentrated than random specimens.
What should be noted on the container when labeling urine specimens?
Patient’s name, identification number, date and time of collection.
What is the specimen log-in process in a laboratory?
Record the time the specimen is received, check requisition form, and ensure specimen volume is sufficient.
Why is proper labeling crucial for urine specimens?
It helps avoid testing delays and potential misidentification affecting patient care.
What is the correct order of tests when both a culture and a routine analysis are required?
The culture should be performed first, followed by routine tests.
What should be done if a urine specimen is contaminated?
Request a new sample from the patient.
What is the recommended volume of urine needed for routine analysis?
A minimum of 12 mL, but 50 mL is preferable.
What should be done with a low 24-hour urine volume specimen?
Measure creatinine levels and correlate it with urine volume.
How does refrigerated urine protect certain urine components?
Refrigeration slows bacterial growth and preserves labile components such as ketones and bilirubin.
What does the term 'diuresis' refer to?
Any increase in urine volume, even if temporary.
How should clean-catch specimens be collected?
Using a sterile container after cleansing the urethral opening.
What information should be included in a urine sample's requisition form?
Specimen collection meets test criteria and sufficient specimen volume.
What should be kept in mind when transporting urine specimens?
Follow transport requirements and limitations to preserve sample integrity.
What is the procedure for a midstream catch method?
Start voiding into the toilet, interrupt the flow, and collect midstream.
What does the term 'anuria' mean?
Absence of urine production.
What is a common preservative for urine used in culture and sensitivity (C&S) testing?
Buffered boric acid.
Why must urine specimens for cytology studies be examined soon after collection?
To ensure accurate results by detecting abnormal cells.
What is formaldehyde used for in urine collection?
Used as a preservative that fixes formed elements in urinary sediment.
What does the chain-of-custody refer to in urine drug screenings?
Documentation of specimen handling to ensure integrity.
What happens to urine pH when it decomposes?
It becomes more alkaline due to urea-splitting bacteria.
What is required before collecting a 24-hour urine sample?
Adding appropriate chemical preservative to the container.
What effect does ammonia have on urine samples left at room temperature?
It produces an ammonia-like odor and raises urine pH.
What materials are included in a urine culture and sensitivity test kit?
Sterile cup, preservative, urine tube, and cleansing towelettes.
What type of preservative does boric acid come in?
Tablet, powder, or lyophilized form.
What is the purpose of a labeling error or mislabeling in urine tests?
It can lead to specimen rejection or wrong test results.
How long must urine samples be examined after collection?
Within 2 hours, except for 24-hour tests.
What is the minimum volume typically required for a urine test?
Usually 15 mL.
What preparations can be made for urine specimens that must be transported some distance?
Use sterile vacuum tubes and appropriate preservative.
What influences the total urine volume measured in a timed urine specimen?
All subsequent urine voidings after emptying the bladder at the start time.
How can the risk of introducing infection during catheterization be reduced?
Use aseptic techniques and sterile equipment.
What is the significance of documentation during urine drug screening?
To guarantee the reliability and identity of the person submitting the specimen.
What role does a laboratory's SOP manual play in urine testing?
It provides written protocols and guidelines to ensure proper specimen handling.
What should a patient do before a clean-catch urine collection?
Cleanse the urethral opening to minimize contamination.
What type of patients might require pediatric urine specimen collection bags?
Infants or small children who cannot urinate on demand.
What should be done with urine specimens collected for culture if contamination is suspected?
Re-collect the specimen following proper procedures.
Why is the classification of urine specimens into categories like 24-hour or random important?
Different tests may require specific types of urine samples for accurate results.
What protocol should be followed for urine drug tests regarding donor privacy?
Monitor the collection process and inspect the collection area before and after use.
What procedures should be avoided when introducing specimens into the testing process?
Avoiding contamination and ensuring correct specimen type through aseptic techniques.
In terms of temperature, how should urine specimens be handled before testing?
Refrigerated to prevent decomposition and preserve components.
What action is taken if a urine sample is rejected due to timing issues?
Request a new sample as soon as possible.