life for workers in nazi germanys

when was the new plan from

1933 to 1936

what was the goal with the new plan

to fix Germanys trade deficit

who came up with the new plan idea

Schact

how did the new plan try to fix the trade deficit

• cuts to welfare spending

• imposed limits on imports

• trade agreements with other countries

• government spending on key industries

who came up with the four year plan

Hermann Göring

when was the 4 year plan from

1936-1939

what was Hitlers plan for the four year plan

• make an economy ready for war

• become an Autarky

what does Autarky mean

self sufficient

how did Goring plan on doing this

• new factories built

• higher targets set for essential materials

• goods imported cut

• industries encouraged to develop artificial substitutes for raw materials

• program of inventions made (reduce imports)

• targets set for production of foodstuffs (the Reich food Estate)

failures of the 4 year plan

• by 1939 Germany was still importing 1/3 of raw materials needed

• meant to shift to making weapons (weakened the economy)

• MEFO bills meant to be cashed in for 10% more after the war were used to make weapons (also caused inflation)

• Hitler had to go to war to distract from economic truths

• food prices rose creating a nutritional crisis (death rate rose before war)

how were women and jews an action to reduce unemployment

they were removed and replaced, considered the invisible unemployed

how was conscription an action to reduce unemployment

in 1933 there was 100,000 in the army (ToV). By 1939 it increased to 1.4 mil. Many others were put into factories

how were public works an action to reduce unemployment

• the Reinhard program, invested 1 billion marks

• built motorways, railways, waterways and houses

• 15 autobahns (built by 15,000 workers)

• 400 km of roads

• 9000 bridges

how was the RAD an action to reduce unemployment

• worked 76 hour weeks for 6 months from 1935

• only 18-25 year olds

• their days consisted of drills in uniforms in military barracks

• very small wage

failures of fixing unemployment

• by 1939 only 300,000 Germans listed as being without work

• women and jews were ‘invisible unemployed’

• some women didn’t want to leave

• many women had to go back to work for a duty year

lives of workers elements

• DAF

• SdA

• KdF

what was the DAF

• in May 1933 trade unions were banned

• German Labour Front

• set up to replace trade unions

• led by Dr Robert Ley

• promised to look after workers as well as the the unions had

• within 2 years there was more than 20 million members

what was the SdA

• The beauty of labour

• set up to make workers proud of their work

• essentially propaganda that ran campaigns to improve conditions (better lighting, washing facilities, noise reduction)

• discouraged heavy drinking (alcoholics sent to CCs), introduced regular breast cancer screenings, no smoking

what was the KdF

• strength through joy

• provided picnics, cheap cinema tickets, cheap holidays

• cruises were a reward of hard work

• Prora (holiday camp) made to give workers true relaxation

• volkswagen paid by give 5 marks a week until the 750 was paid

failures of lives with workers

• DAF sided with employers (hours increased)

• employers incomes increased by 130%

• workers wages slashed and did not see it recover from pre 1929-33 depression until 1938

• no one ever got their VW

• no one went to Prora

economic positives

• government provided free health care, job protection, controlled low rents, low taxes, double paid holidays

• prices rose slowly so it felt like wages had 20% more purchase power

what role did nazi women have

• influence the next generation for the Nazis

• repopulate aryan race

3 Ks

• kinder (children)

• küche (kitchen)

• kirche (church)

how did the 3Ks shape lives for women

• The nazis believed that women were the foundations of the German nation

• taught that the Weimar society had devalued women but they aimed to support and enhance it

• the father was strong and the provider

• mothers were rooted in love of the homeland

what was the appearance of women

• plaits/buns

• blonde

• blue eyes

• slimming was discouraged to help child bearing

• makeup discouraged

women in Nazi Germany acronym

Here Come Down the WALLL

honours cross

• 4 children - bronze

• 6 children- silver

• 8 children- gold

contraception

harder to get

divorce

hard unless you were infertile and divorce meant you’d get a new spouse

welfare

welfare allowances were only for families with 6 children until after 1938 when it was lowered to 3

appearance

plaits, buns, no makeup, dresses, flat shoes, wide hips

law for reducing unemployment

when you got married you got a Loan of 1000DM to leave your job. to repay each child was 250DM

Lebensborn

SS soldiers impregnated aryan girls to produce aryan babies

what was the law for the prevention of hereditarily diseased offspring

prevented women with conditions from having children. Women were sterilised under instruction of the Genetic health courts

what were marriage certificates

issued by a doctor and 1/25 couldn’t get one. could’ve been sterilised or sent to CC

what happened if you didn’t live up to the honour cross expectations

sent to CC

school subjects for girls

• maths- social arithmetic

• ideology- reading hitlers newspaper

• history- Germanys past

• geography- borders needed moved

• biology- eugenics

• HE

school subjects for boys

all the same as girls but without HE

facts about teachers

• unreliable teachers and jews let go

• anti-nazi comments landed teachers in prison

• teachers joined the national socialist teachers league (97% by 1939)

• primary teachers had to do a month long training course

• youth group members reported teachers who were un- Nazi

napolas

children aged 11–18 sent here to be trained for the SS

Adolf Hitler Schools

• 4/5 of their timetable was PE.

• taught by commanders and leaders (no teachers)

Order Castle

-the elite school

-games played with live ammunition

what was the girls youth group called

BDM- German Maidens

what was the boys youth group called

hitler youth

how many members did the hitler youth have

7 million

activities in the BDM

• taught how to be good mothers

• cooking + cleaning

• keep fit for childbirth

• storytelling lessons

• make a bed

• run 60m in 14 seconds

• swim 100m

activities in the hitler youth

• hiking, marches, camps

• rifle practice

• flying gliders, visited the airforce

• ride motorcycles, sail

• sang german folklore

• started on probation

• complete a courage test

• wore a uniform and a dagger

what did the Nazis believe about minorities

• Germans were the master race

• races with german blood werent so bad

• slav races were said to be slaves

• black germans were sterilised/killed

• relationships with other races polluted german blood

facts on ‘asocial’ Germans

• black triangle

• didn’t fit into volksgemischaft - useless moths

• this included work shy, vagrants, pacifists, alcoholics and prositutes

• beggars week(1933) and campaign against the work shy(1938) rounded them up

facts about the people with mental and physical disabilities and illnesses

• black triangle with “blöd”

• the diseased offspring law(1933) allowed the sterilisation of the disabled

• after 1935 doctors legally could terminate pregnancies by force

• 1939-41 Nazis conducted a programme to euthanasia

• estimated the nazis killed 72k during WWII

• 300,000 men and women sterilised from 1934-45

facts about the roma

• brown triangle

• gypsies

• persecution started in 1936 as ‘crime prevention’

• the roma holocaust is called ‘Porajmos’

• a third of the estimated 700,000 roma in europe were killed

facts on homosexual men

• pink triangle

• in 1933 hitler attack the institute for sex research

• 100,000 homosexuals arrested

• 15,000 sent to CCs

• some were castrated other experimented on to find a cure

facts about jehovah’s witnesses

• purple triangle

• 25,000 active JW in Germany

• didn’t oppose Hitler but refused to swear allegiance or join the army

• the religion was banned

• 2000 sent to CCs

• 250 killed

• to be left alone all they had to do was renounce their religion

facts about political opponents

• red triangle

• sent to CCs at the very start of Nazi regime

• treatment consisted of, floggings, standing cells, pole hanging

• many were students and intellectuals

• many died

facts about career criminals

• green triangle

• “gangsters”

• sent to labour camps

• some given special privileges to beat and bully other inmates

• ordinarily sent to prison

when were jews banned from government jobs

7 april 1933

when was the boycott of jewish shops

1 april 1933

when were banned from owning land

september 1933

when were jews banned from key median jobs

october 1933

when were jews banned from serving in the army

may 1935

when were the signs put up in public places that said “jews not wanted here”

summer 1935

when was the nuremberg laws

september 1935

what were the nuremberg laws

• the reich citizenship law- jews were deprived of many political and economic rights

• the law for the protection of german blood and honour- it became illegal for jews and aryans to marry or engage is sexual relations

when was the persecution of jews eased off

during the 1936 olympic games in berlin

when were jews banned from key professions (teaching, dentistry, accountancy ect)

january 1937

when were jews ordered to register their wealth

april- june 1938 ( it made it easier to confiscate it)

when did jews have to start carrying id

july/august 1938

when were jews banned from legal practices

september 1938

when did jews have their passports stamped ‘J’ and use new names

october 1938

israel- men

sarah- women

when was the murder of nazi diplomat by a jew in paris

7 november 1938

when was the night of broken glass

9-10 november 1938

when were remaining jewish businesses closed and jewish children couldn’t attend german schools

november 1938

when were jews encouraged to emigrate from germany and why

january 1939

hitler spoke of annihilation of jews if they cause the war

what was destroyed in the night of broken glass

• 400 synagogues

• 7,500 shops and many homes

how many jews were killed in the NoBG

91

how many were sent to CCs following the NoBG

20,000

how much did the nazis fine the jews for the NoBG

1 billion marks

what else did the nazis make to jews do

clean up the streets