Nucleic Acids part 1

Genotype

The genetic information of all organisms

Phenotype

The observable physical traits of the organism

Gregor Mendel

Who accomplish the Heredity

Thomas Hunt Morgan

Who accomplish in flies and linkage experiment

Frederick Griffith

Who did the bacterial transformation and mice experiment in 1928

Erwin Chargaff

Who did the Chargaff’s rule in late 40’s-early 50’s: base pairing =AT CG

Friedrich Mieshcer

Who isolated what he called nuclein from the nuclei of pus cell

Nucleic Acid

Nuclein was shown to have acidic properties, hence it became called?

Watson and Crick

Who discover the chemical structure of DNA in 1953

Chromosome

Structure in the cell nucleus thought to be the carrier of genetic information

Gene

Portion of a chromosome that controls a specific inheritable trait

Sugar or 5 membered ring monosaccharide (ribose), Nitrogen base, Phosphate group

Parts of Nucleotide

DNA, RNA

Types of Nucleic Acids

2 deoxyribose

Sugar for DNA

ribose

Sugar for RNA

Purines

Contains two fused nitrogen containing ring

Pyrimidines

Has one nitrogen containing ring

Adenine, Guanine

Types of purines

Cytosine, Thymine, Uracil

Types of Pyrimidines

Polynucleotides

What is the polymer of Nucleic Acids

Nucleoside

Base + Sugar = ?

Nucleotide

base + sugar + phosphate = ?

Nucleotide

are the building blocks of nucleic acids

Nucleotide

Monomers of the DNA and RNA polymers

The alternating deoxyribose and phosphate group (3 to 5 direction), the bases that are the sidechain groups

What are the Primary Structure of Nucleic Acids

alternating deoxyribose and phosphate group

The backbone of the molecule and provides structural stability (Primary Structure)

The bases that are the sidechain groups

carry all the information necessary for protein synthesis

Chargaff Rule, Double helix

What are the secondary structure of nucleic acids

Chargaff rule

A and T and G and C are present in equimolar quantities = they must be paired

The DNA double helix structure, moleculary has a three ringed structure

A and T and G and C must be paired because?

Opposite directions or anti-parallel

The 2 polynucleotide chain in double helix run in?

Histones, Nucleosome

What are the higher structure

Histones

Basic protein to which the DNA is coiled around

Nucleosome

acidic DNA + basic histones

Electrostatic (ionic) forces

In nucleosome the acidic DNA and basic histones attracted each other by?

1 unit

147 base pair of DNA double helix and 8 cores of histones molecules = ?

RNA

Single stranded
Ribose

DNA

Double stranded
2 deoxyribose