Chapter 5 Self-Knowledge Function Terms (1.Self Knowledge)

Introspection

Process whereby people look inward and examine their own thoughts, feelings, and motives

Self-Awareness Theory

The idea that when people focus their attention on themselves, they evaluate and compare their behavior to their internal standards and values

Casual Theories

Theories about the cause of one’s own feelings and behaviors, often we learn such theories from our culture If introspection does not help aid then turning to our own behavior and observing helps

Self-Perception Theory

The theory that when our attitudes and feelings are uncertain or ambiguous, we infer these states by observing our behavior and the situation in which it occurs

Introspection

Process whereby people
look inward and examine their own
thoughts, feelings, and motives

Self-Awareness Theory

The idea that
when people focus their attention on
themselves, they evaluate and compare their behavior to their internal standards and values

Casual Theories

Theories about the cause of one’s own feelings and behaviors, often we learn such theories from our culture

Self-Perception Theory

The theory that when our attitudes and feelings are uncertain or ambiguous, we infer these states by observing our behavior and the situation in which it occurs

Two-factor Theory of Emotion

The idea that emotional experience is the result of a two-step self perception process in which people first experience physiological arousal and then seek an appropriate explanation for it

Overjustification Event

The tendency for people to view their behavior as caused by compelling extrinsic reasons, making them underestimate the extent to which it was caused by intrinsic reasons

Task-Contingent Rewards

Rewards that are given for performing a task, regardlessof how well the task is done

Performance-Contingent Rewards

Rewards that are based on how well we perform a task

Fixed Mindset

The idea that we have a set amount of an ability that cannot change

Growth Mindset

Achievement is the result of hard work, trying new strategies, and seeking input from other

Social Comparison Theory

The idea that we learn about our own abilities and attitudes by comparing ourselves to other people

When do people engage in social
comparison?

When there is no objective standard to measure themselves against and
when they are uncertain about
themselves in a particular area

Upward Social Comparison

Comparing
ourselves to people who are better than we
are with regard to a particular trait or ability

Downward Social Comparison

Comparing ourselves to people who areworse than we are with regard to a
particular trait or ability

Social Tuning

The processes whereby
people adopt another person's attitudes