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crossing over
exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids during prophase 1 - resulting in new combinations of alleles in daughter cells
homologous chromosomes
a pair of chromosomes of the same length and which contain the same genes.
independent assortment
the random orientation of homologous chromosomes along the metaphase plate during metaphase I
mutation
changes in DNA sequences.
non-disjunction
a pair of homologous chromosomes has failed to separate or segregate at anaphase so that both chromosomes of the pair pass to the same daughter cell.
Note 
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