oral path ch2

list 5 classic signs of inflammation

• redness

• heat

• pain

• swelling

• loss of function

list 3 systemic signs of inflammation

• fever

• leukocytosis

• lymphadenopathy

list microscopic events of inflammation

• dilation/ constriction of bv

• increase permeability

• low protein plasma leaves microcirculation as transudate

• blood increases viscosity

• blood flow slows down

• WBC marginate and attach along vessel walls

• WBC emigrate and increase vascular permeability

• high protein plasma leaves microcirculation as exudate

• phagocytosis

• biochemical mediators come out to play (kinn, clotting, complement systems)

impact of biochemical mediators

• stimulate a response

• recruit other mediators and immune mechanisms

• come from endothelial cells, WBCs, platelets, or pathogenic microorganisms

KINN system (mediator)

• increase dilation & permeability of bv

• occurs in early stages of inflammation

• induces pain

• kinins are degraded by enzymes in blood and tissue to limit inflammation

clotting system (mediator)

• stops bleeding

• keeps foreign substances contained at site of injury; forms fibrous network

• forms future framework for repair process

complement system (mediator)

• triggered by antibody locked w antigen

• activation of plasma proteins

• mast cells release histamine

• increase vascular permeability/ vasodilation

• cytolysis

• phagocytosis of bacteria stimulating cells

prostaglandins (mediator)

• increase dilation

• permeability

• cause pain

• redness

• change in ct

• release lysosomal enzymes

endotoxins/ lysosomal enzymes

• stick to cell walls in gram -

• chemotaxis

• activates complement system

  • antigen; can damage bone

anti- inflammatory drugs (mediator)

• block/ surpress inflammatory response

• analgesic; inhibits prostoglandin synthesis to decrease pain

hyperplasia

increase in # of cells

hypertrophy

increase in size of cells

atrophy

decrease and size & function of cell

wound healing day of injury

• blood rushes to site

  • clotting

wound healing +1 day

• acute inflammation

• neutrophils

wound healing +2 days

• monocytes, macrophages

wound healing 1 week

• fibrin is digested and sloughed off

• new surface is red and nearly healed

wound healing 2 weeks

• tissue is full strength

• scar tissue; increased collagen

regeneration

goes back to normal within average healing time frame; replaced w identical tissue

repair

process of healing; restoration of damaged or diseased tissue by cellular change