Ovulation and Follicular Phase

A set of flashcards covering key concepts, terms, and definitions related to ovulation, its physiological mechanisms, and implications in animal reproduction.

Ovulation

The release of an oocyte from the ovarian follicle as part of the menstrual cycle.

Cardinal Signs of Inflammation

Heat, redness, swelling, pain, and loss of function that indicate inflammation.

Histamine

A chemical that is released during an inflammatory response that causes vasodilation and increased blood flow.

PGE2

Prostaglandin E2, a compound that enhances blood flow and contributes to inflammation.

PGF2α

Prostaglandin F2 alpha, involved in the breakdown of connective tissue and ovarian contractions.

Follicular Phase

The phase of the menstrual cycle where follicles mature in the ovary and estrogen levels rise.

LH Surge

A rapid increase in luteinizing hormone levels that triggers ovulation.

Collagenase

An enzyme that breaks down collagen in connective tissues, leading to the weakening of the follicle wall.

Stigma

The visible rupture site on the ovary where the dominant follicle releases the oocyte during ovulation.

Spontaneous Ovulators

Species that ovulate regularly in response to hormonal cycles without mechanical stimulation.

Induced Ovulators

Species that require mechanical stimulation (copulation) to trigger ovulation.

Estrogen

A hormone produced by the ovaries that regulates the female reproductive system and contributes to follicle maturation.

Progesterone (P4)

A hormone that prepares the uterus for pregnancy and is released by the corpus luteum after ovulation.

Estrus Synchronization

A management strategy used to control the timing of ovulation in female animals for breeding purposes.

Oocyte Maturation

The process through which a primary oocyte develops into a mature secondary oocyte that can be fertilized.

Zona Pellucida (ZP)

A glycoprotein layer surrounding the oocyte, essential for fertilization.

Immunocontraception

A method of controlling animal reproduction through vaccination against reproductive antigens.

GonaCon

A contraceptive vaccine that binds GnRH to prevent ovulation and reproduction.

SpayVac

A contraceptive vaccine targeting zona pellucida antigens to prevent fertilization.

Middleschmerz

One-sided, lower abdominal pain associated with ovulation.

Hyperemia

An increase in blood flow to a tissue, often seen during inflammation and ovulation.