Vietnam War - Chapter Two

Who founded a Portuguese trading post at Faifo (Hoi An) in 1535?

Antonio da Faria.

What was Antonio da Faria’s goal in founding Faifo?

To make it a major Portuguese hub like Goa or Malacca.

Did the Portuguese trading post at Faifo succeed?

No, it failed to thrive.

What name for Vietnam did the Portuguese leave behind?

“Cochinchina.”

Which missionary created the Romanized Vietnamese alphabet (quoc ngu)?

Alexandre de Rhodes.

In which century did Alexandre de Rhodes work in Vietnam?

The 1600s.

What long-term cultural impact did Alexandre de Rhodes leave?

Quoc ngu, the modern Vietnamese writing system.

Why did Christianity cause tensions in Vietnam?

It challenged local rulers and Confucian authority.

By the 1500s, which European powers competed for Asian trade?

Portuguese, Dutch, and British.

What goods made Southeast Asia vital to Europeans?

Spices, silk, and luxury trade routes.

What two forces intertwined in Southeast Asia under European influence?

Religion and commerce.

Why was Vietnam harder to dominate than other regions?

Strong administration and civil wars (Trinh vs. Nguyen).

Who was Pierre Pigneau de Behaine?

A Catholic bishop who befriended Nguyen Anh (later Emperor Gia Long).

What prince did Pigneau take to Versailles in 1787?

Prince Canh, Nguyen Anh’s son.

What did Pigneau secure in France for Nguyen Anh?

Royal patronage and military aid.

Who unified Vietnam in 1802 with French help?

Nguyen Anh, crowned Emperor Gia Long.

How did French influence deepen in Vietnam after 1802?

Through missionaries, trade, and military ties.

Which Catholic martyr’s death was used to justify French intervention?

Father Borie.

What did Pigneau’s vision seek to create in Vietnam?

Christian empire under French auspices.

Who declared, “Colonial policy is the daughter of industrial policy”?

Jules Ferry.

What economic motives fueled French colonization?

Access to resources, markets, and global inlfluence.

Which part of Vietnam did France conquer first in the 1800s?

Cochinchina (southern Vietnam).

How did France maintain control while appearing to respect tradition?

By keeping a puppet monarchy, e.g., Emperor Dong Khanh.

Which Vietnamese official committed suicide in protest against France?

Phan Thanh Giang.

When was the French Mekong Expedition launched?

1868.

What was the French goal in exploring the Mekong?

To find a trade route to China.

Why was the expedition disappointing?

The Mekong was poorly navigable.

What Cambodian site fascinated French explorers?

Angkor Wat.

How did Angkor Wat influence French ambitions?

Sparked further colonial interest in the region.

Which foreign power also sought influence in Tonkin during the 1800s?

China.

How did France respond to Chinese incursions in northern Vietnam?

By clashing militarily and pushing China out.

What did France secure by the late 1800s in northern Vietnam?

Control of Tonkin.