Chapter 25: America at Midcentury: 1945-1960

What was the purpose of the GI Bill (Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944)?

It provided veterans benefits like college tuition, job training, unemployment benefits, and low-interest home loans.

What was the key factor that disrupted regional isolation in post-war America?

The growth of suburbs and the Sunbelt.

What significant civil rights event took place in 1955?

The Montgomery bus boycott.

What term did critics use to describe the middle-class culture emerging in post-war America?

Conformism.

What major outcome did Brown v. Board of Education (1954) achieve?

It deemed school segregation unconstitutional.

What was the economic impact of the post-war boom?

It led to increased consumer spending and the growth of corporations.

What was the result of the economic boom lasting 20 years after World War II?

It brought prosperity and increased the middle-class population.

What was a consequence of the suburbanization movement?

'White flight' led to urban diversity being harmed.

Which act aimed to prevent discrimination in employment for African Americans?

The Fair Employment Act related to Truman's Fair Deal.

Who was the first Republican president in 20 years after World War II?

Dwight D. Eisenhower.

What issues did veterans face upon returning home after World War II?

Concerns about mental health, job availability, and civilian readjustment.

What did the National Mental Health Act of 1946 address?

It aimed to assist with mental health issues faced by veterans.

What did Truman's Fair Deal propose in 1949?

Promotion of civil rights and social welfare to combat post-war inequalities.

What did the Taft-Hartley Act (1947) do in relation to labor unions?

It restricted the power of labor unions and included provisions undermining pro-labor laws.

What was the economic trend in America following the end of World War II?

An initial wave of layoffs followed by a rapid economic boom.

What societal changes were emphasized in the Baby Boom era?

Rising marriage and birth rates alongside aspirations for the 'American Dream.'

What were the racial disparities in the benefits of the GI Bill?

White male veterans benefited more than women and minorities, particularly African Americans.

What cultural influence did television have in the 1950s?

It helped shape and reinforce middle-class family behaviors and values.

What was a consequence of consumer culture in post-war America?

Increased spending on cars, household goods, and the rise of consumer debt.

What was the response to Eisenhower's Dynamic Conservatism?

A balancing act of reducing government spending while supporting social welfare programs.

What role did the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) play in the post-war era?

It investigated alleged communist activities, contributing to the Red Scare.

What was a significant result of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

It led to a Supreme Court ruling against bus segregation.

How did the civil rights movement begin to gain national prominence?

Through increased activism and legal victories against segregation and discrimination.