Chapter 25: America at Midcentury: 1945-1960

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24 Terms

1

What was the purpose of the GI Bill (Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944)?

It provided veterans benefits like college tuition, job training, unemployment benefits, and low-interest home loans.

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2

What was the key factor that disrupted regional isolation in post-war America?

The growth of suburbs and the Sunbelt.

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3

What significant civil rights event took place in 1955?

The Montgomery bus boycott.

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4

What term did critics use to describe the middle-class culture emerging in post-war America?

Conformism.

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5

What major outcome did Brown v. Board of Education (1954) achieve?

It deemed school segregation unconstitutional.

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6

What was the economic impact of the post-war boom?

It led to increased consumer spending and the growth of corporations.

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7

What was the result of the economic boom lasting 20 years after World War II?

It brought prosperity and increased the middle-class population.

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8

What was a consequence of the suburbanization movement?

'White flight' led to urban diversity being harmed.

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9

Which act aimed to prevent discrimination in employment for African Americans?

The Fair Employment Act related to Truman's Fair Deal.

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10

Who was the first Republican president in 20 years after World War II?

Dwight D. Eisenhower.

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11

What issues did veterans face upon returning home after World War II?

Concerns about mental health, job availability, and civilian readjustment.

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12

What did the National Mental Health Act of 1946 address?

It aimed to assist with mental health issues faced by veterans.

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13

What did Truman's Fair Deal propose in 1949?

Promotion of civil rights and social welfare to combat post-war inequalities.

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14

What did the Taft-Hartley Act (1947) do in relation to labor unions?

It restricted the power of labor unions and included provisions undermining pro-labor laws.

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15

What was the economic trend in America following the end of World War II?

An initial wave of layoffs followed by a rapid economic boom.

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16

What societal changes were emphasized in the Baby Boom era?

Rising marriage and birth rates alongside aspirations for the 'American Dream.'

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17

What were the racial disparities in the benefits of the GI Bill?

White male veterans benefited more than women and minorities, particularly African Americans.

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18

What cultural influence did television have in the 1950s?

It helped shape and reinforce middle-class family behaviors and values.

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19

What was a consequence of consumer culture in post-war America?

Increased spending on cars, household goods, and the rise of consumer debt.

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20

What was the response to Eisenhower's Dynamic Conservatism?

A balancing act of reducing government spending while supporting social welfare programs.

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21

What role did the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) play in the post-war era?

It investigated alleged communist activities, contributing to the Red Scare.

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22

What was a significant result of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

It led to a Supreme Court ruling against bus segregation.

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23

How did the civil rights movement begin to gain national prominence?

Through increased activism and legal victories against segregation and discrimination.

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24
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