Animal handling- lecture 5- sheep processing protocol

Tagging, vaccines, antibiotics, dewormers, hormones, colostrum, supplements

Volume in cc is equal to what other measurement?

cc is the same as mL

What does G stand for?

Gauge. This is the size of the needle

Higher Gauge means…

smaller size

Lower number (G) means…

Larger size

What do you use when talking about the length of a needle?

What is typical for sheep and goats?

Inches/ “

• 1” and 1-1/2”

What do sheep and goats use? (for this class)

20G x 1”

Routes of injections (3)

• subcutaneous injection (SQ)- under the skin, but not into the muscle.

• Intramuscular injection (IM)- Directly into the muscle

• Intravenous injection (IV)- into a vein. Go slowly

Why do you use the neck when giving most injections?

The neck is where the least valuable meat is on the animal. All three routes can be given on the neck of the animal.

General protocol for sheep

• Deworm every 3 months

• 2 weeks post shearing deworm

• administer CD/T and Case-Bac to all rams annually prior to spring breeding

Why should you switch dewormers regularly?

The parasites will become resistant to the dewormers if the same one is used every time

Dewormers used (4)

• use commercial product name and then active ingredient

• Cydectin (moxidectin)- purple or clear

• Noromectin (ivermectin)- clear, yellow, blue

• Valbazen (albendazole)- milky white

• Safe-guard (fenbendazole)- milky white

What does it mean when an antibiotic is “broad spectrum”?

what is “off labeling”?

Covers a wide variety of diseases

treating other animals with the same thing

Oxytetracycline- what is it?

• What is it an active ingredient of?

• what is it used for?

• broad spectrum antibiotic

• active ingredient in commercial products LA-200 and Duramycin 72-200

• used for pneumonia, foot rot, pink eye

• commonly used as a prophylaxis treatment

Prophylaxis

A preventative treatment before any signs of sickness. Treating all when none are sick

Metaphylaxis

Treating everyone, with some being sick

Vaccine types - protect against viral or bacterial diseases (2)

• Modified Live (ML) - altered but live virus or bacteria causing mild sickness. offers better protection, builds antibodies

• Killed- pieces of a viral or bacterial (agent is not alive). Offers less protection and does not usually make you sick.

What temp are most vaccines kept at

36-46 F

-osis

disease or condition of

Repro vaccines (3)- affect reproduction and or cause abortions

• leptospirosis vaccine

• campylobacteriosis vaccine

• Chlamydia vaccine

• All 3 are protecting against bacteria

Leptospirosis vaccine

• what is the vaccine called?

• what is it caused by/how is it transmitted?

• What can it cause?

• is it zoonotic?

• Lepto-shield is the vaccine

• letprospirosis is caused by strains of leptospira bacteria- Transmitted through contact with contaminated soil, urine, water

• Can cause: lethargy, high fever, ABORTION, stillbirth, prenatal death

• THIS IS ZOONOTIC

Campylobacteriosis vaccine

• most common strains? 2

• transmitted how?

• what can it cause

• is it zoonotic

• campylobacter fetus-jejuni bacteria vaccine

• a diseas in sheep that is caused by gram-negative bacteria

• two most common strains: C. jejuni, C. fetus

• Campylobacter spp (spp means several species0

• Transmitted via feed contamination with fecal matter and from aborted fetuses, placentas, and uterine discharges.

• Causses abortion storms in late pregnancy or full term birth of dead or weakly lambs

• THIS IS ZOONOTIC

Abortion storms

Multiple abortions in a group

Chlamydia vaccine

• transmitted how?

• can cause? what area does it affect?

• is it zoonotic?

• Chlamydia psittaci bacterin vaccine

• transmitted through direct contact with infected animals, during lambing or kidding. bacteria is shed in birth fluid, placental tissues, and uterine discharges.

• Affects repro tract of sheep

• can cause: abortion in the last 2-3 weeks of pregnancy, appearance of stillborn lambs and inflamed placentas

• IS ZOONOTIC

Oxytocin

• what is it?

• when can it be useful (other than retained placentas)?

• hormone made in the brain that targets the uterus and mammary tissue and causes smooth muscle contractions

• useful for milk letdown- will contract muscles to start milk and given as a SQ or IM

Colostrum

• how long does it last?

• What does it provide to the newborn? (6)

• the first milk that lasts 24 hours after giving birth

• rich in vitamins, minerals, fats, proteins, hormones, and antibodies

24 hours after birth

• outer body

• ID tags

• Scrapie tags- to track animal’s point of origin if it contracts scrapies. scrapies is a fatal disease that affects the central nervous system. causes itching and scratching

• bands- remove the tails (docking) that takes two weeks and castrate

Why are short tails better?

prevent fecal matter build up, but they increase the chance of a rectal prolapse

White muscle disease

• what do animals w. white muscle disease look like?

• Ohio??

• Nutritional myodegeneration

• hunched with a stiff gait

• soil in ohio is low in selenium=low selenium grass and hay

At 21 days of age for goats-kids

• what do you administer? (3-4)

• What causes a CL? what is it? (know how to spell it)

• Case-bac vaccine? what does it prevent?

• administer 2cc Case-bac, 2cc CD/T, 1cc BoSe, and 1cc Vitamin E

• CORYNEBACTERIUM PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS (know how to spell this ) causes caseous lymphadenitis (CL)- abscess found in lymphnodes

• Case-bac vaccine helps prevent it in new animals but animals with bacteria will never fully get it out of their system

Treating a CL

• can stab and drain it but make sure not to spread it in the environment

• fill CL with iodine

24 hours after birth (injections)

• sheep? 4

• goats? 4

• Sheep- 1cc BoSe, 1cc Vitamin E, 2cc CD/T, 1/2 cc Nuflor.

  • For ewes: make sure placenta passes. if not, give 2cc oxytocin, 1cc PGF2a

• goats- 1cc BoSe, 1cc vitamin E, 2cc CD/T, 1cc Multimin

  • Make sure placenta passes

Lamb injections 24 h after birth

• BoSe

• Vitamin E

• BoSe- selenium and vitamin E injection that prevents white muscle disease and given subcutaneously.

• Vitamin E - prevent white muscle disease given SQ

CD/T vaccine

• Clostridium perfringens types C and D and tetanus toxoid

• C. prefringens type C and D (gram positive bacteria) casues enterotoxemia (overheating disease)

• CD/T vacc is used to treat ENEROTOXEMIA

  • Show signs of central nervous disease, excitement, or convulsions

  • abdominal discomfort can occur

  • profuse and or watery diarrhea and bloody

  • death can occur within 12 hours after onset of symptoms

  • given subcutaneously

Tetanus toxoid-

• what is it used to prevent?

• how does lockjaw happen?

• used to prevent tetanus (lockjaw)

• clostridium tetani (gram positive bacteria) found in soil

  • any abrasion to skin can allow it to enter the body

  • causes muscle stiffness making animals unable to stand

  • death can occur rapidly after stiffness

  • Inject subcutaneously

Treating tetanus

• use antibiotic to kill bacteria and antitoxin to stop the toxin from spreading

• need a lot of both

Why use multimin on goats but not sheep

• sheep have a low tolerance and are sensitive to copper. high levels are deadly

• multimin makes up for this so that the goats dont become copper deficient

• multimin contains manganese, copper, selenium, zinc