10th Grade Honors World Cultures - Ch. 5 Review

Rebirth

Renaissance means \______.

1350-1550

Italian renaissance spread to the rest of Europe between \_______-\______

Rebirth of the ancient Greek & Roman worlds (the classics)

What is the Renaissance?

Urban society

Italy is largely an \____ \____.

City-states; political; economic; social

During the Italian Renaissance, \_______ \______ became \______, \_______ & \______ centers

Secular; wealth; material enjoyment

During the Italian Renaissance, "worldly" viewpoint or \_______ developed as increased \_____ created new opportunity for \_____ \_____.

church; declining

During the Italian Renaissance, the power of the \_____ was \_______ & Europe was going through a period of recovery.

plagues; instability

During the Italian Renaissance, society recovered from \_____ & \______.

Greek; Roman cultures

During the Italian Renaissance, there was a rebirth in the interest in the ancient \_____ & \____ \____.

emphasized individual ability; worth

During the Italian Renaissance, a new view of human beings \_______ \____ \_____ & \______.

universal person (renaissance man)

Capable of achievements in many areas of life

Leonardo da Vinci

A painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, & mathematician

Leonardo da Vinci

Who is an example of a universal person or "renaissance man"?

Upper class

\____ \______ was more affected by the Renaissance.

Embraced the new ideas & activities more

What did the Upper class in the Renaissance do?

human body, religious & secular themes

Churches, wealthy homes & public buildings displayed art that celebrated the \______ \____, \_______ & \_____ \____.

Churches
Wealthy homes
Public buildings

Who displayed art that celebrated the human body, religious & secular themes?

Milan; Venice; Florence

\______, \_____, & \______ played crucial roles in Italian politics.

Byzantine; Islamic; Mediterranean

Milan, Venice, & Florence prospered from trade with the \________, \_________ & \_________ civilizations.

England; Netherlands

Milan, Venice, & Florence exchanged goods with merchants in \_____ & the \_____.

In the north

Where is Milan located?

Francesco Sforza

Conquered the city of Milan with a band of mercenaries

Mercenaries

Soldiers for hire

Duke

Sforza made himself \____ of Milan.

Built a strong centralized state with an efficient tax system that generated large revenues

What did Sforza do as Duke?

Know locations of Milan, Venice, Florence (The V)

Venice; Asia; Western Europe

\_____ is a link between \_____ & \______ \_____.

Small group; wealthy merchants

\_____ \_____ of \______ \_____ ran the city of Venice.

Traders; world

\_____ came from all over the \_______ to Venice

Venice; international

\______ was an \______ power.

Doge

Leader of wealthy merchants

Florence; Tuscany

Republic of \_______ dominated the \_____ region.

wars; wealthy city state

Wealthy merchants led a series of successful \______ against neighbors & established a \________ \_______ \____.

1434; Florence

In \______, Cosimo de' Medici took control of \_______.

Cosimo de' Medici

Took control of Florence in 1434

Lorenzo; Florence

Cosimo de' Medici & later his grandson, \______, would dominate \_______ for years.

1440; declined; competition; cloth market

In the late \______'s, Florence's economy \______ because of \______ in the \_____ \____.

Girolamo Savonarola

Condemned the Medici corruption and took control of Florence

Florence

Girolamo Savonarola took control of \______.

swearing; gambling; dancing; painting

People would get tired of Savonarola's regulations on \______, \_____, \_____, \___, etc.

Heresy; executed; Pope

Savonarola was convicted of \______ & \_____ in 1498 after criticizing the \_____.

Medici; Lorenzo

The \_______'s (\_________) would return to power.

Charles VIII

Attracted by Italy's riches and led an army of 30,000 into Italy in 1494

Charles VIII; Italy's riches; Italy; 1494; Naples; South; Spain

\_______ \_____ of France was attracted by \_____ \_____, led an army of 30,000 into \______ in \_____. He occupied \_____ in the \____. Northern Italy asked \______ to come in for help.

30; France; Spain; Italy

For \_____ years, \_____ & \______ made \_____ their battlefield.

1527; paid; money; Rome; pay

In \______, thousands of Spanish troops arrived in Rome. They had not been \_____ & demanded \_____. Their leader let them sack \_____ as their \_____. The soldiers went in a frenzy.

Spain; dominant force; Italy

After the wars ended, \_______ became a \_____ \____ in \_____.

The Prince

written by Niccolo Machiavelli; one of the most influential works on political power

Niccolo Machiavelli

Who was the author of The Prince?

One of the most influential works on political power

What was special about The Prince?

concerns how to get & keep political power

What was The Prince about?

attitude; power; Human nature is self-interested

Machiavelli wrote that a prince's \_____ toward \______ should be based on understanding that \_____ \____ \____ \____ \____. Previously authors stressed princes should be ethical.

not; moral principles; interests of the state

Princes should \____ act on \_____ \_____ but on behalf of the \_____ \___ \___ \____.

abandon morality; politics

Machiavelli was one of the first to \______ \______ in \_____. His views influenced leaders who followed him.

three estates; social classes

The Renaissance society consisted of \____ \____ or \___ \____.

Clergy
Nobles
Townspeople & Peasants

What are the 3 estates/social classes?

Baldassare Castiglione

Expressed noble ideals in The Book of Courtier

Expressed noble ideals

What was The Book of Courtier about?

perfect noble

Castiglione describes the characteristics of a \____ \____.

talent; character; grace

Nobles were expected to have \_____, \____, & \____.

perform military; physical exercises; classical education

Nobles had to \______ \_____ & \_____ \____ & gain a \______ \____ (which was reading/writing in Latin). They had to follow a standard of conduct.

honestly

Nobles were to serve the Prince \_____.

85-90%; legally free

Peasants made up of \____-\____ of total European population. Many peasants became \_____ \____.

Townspeople; third estate

\_____ also were included in the \____ \___.

Burghers (people); goods; services; wages; poverty increased

The \_____ provided \____ & \______ for the townspeople. Workers made pitiful \_____, \_____ \______ dramatically.

marriages; strengthen business ties

Parents arranged \______ to \____ \___ \___.

Dowry

sum of money the bride's family paid to the groom

Father; Husband

The \____/\____ was the center of the Italian family.

authority

The father's \_____ over his children was absolute. (a patriarchal society)

The father had to go before a judge & formally free a child from his authority.

In order for children to be become adults, what must happen?

Humanism

\_______ was based on the classics.

literary works; ancient Rome; Greece

The classics were \_____ \_____ of \_____ \___ & \______.

poetry; philosophy; history

The studied humanities were \_____, \______, & \_____.

Petrarch

Father of Italian humanism who generated a movement of finding forgotten Latin manuscripts (especially in monastic libraries)

emphasized pure classical Latin (Roman latin)

What did Petrarch do?

Petrarch; forgotten Latin manuscripts; monastic libraries

\__________ generated a movement of finding \____ \___ \_____, especially in \_____ \_____.

Cicero

the model for prose

Virgil

the model for poetry

Aneid

What was the poem created by Virgil called?

Humanists; intellectual life; solitary

\_______ emphasized that \_____ \____ was \______.

They reject family & community engagement
Believed people should serve the state
Many humanists served as secretaries to popes & princes

List 3 things about Humanists.

humanists; secretaries

Many \_____ served as \_______ to popes & princes.

humanists; classical Latin

\_______ had an emphasis on \_____ \______.

languages; regions; Italian; English; French

Some writers wrote in the \____ of their \_____ (\________, \________, \_______)

vernacular

The languages of one's region

Dante; Chaucer; vernacular

Two writers, \_____ & \______, made \______ more popular.

Dante

A writer who wrote Italian works

A writer who wrote Italian works

Who was Dante?

Chaucer

A writer who created english works

A writer who wrote english works

Who was Chaucer?

Divine Comedy

Dante's masterpiece

A long poem with 3 parts: hell, purgatory, and heaven (paradise). Dante is led on an imaginary journey through these 3 realms and ends in paradise.

What was the Divine Comedy?

The Canterbury Tales

Chaucer's most famous work

Collection of stories told by 29 pilgrims going to the tomb (shrine) of Saint Thomas a Becket at Canterbury

What was the Canterbury Tales?

Christine de Pizan

Woman who wrote in French

The Book of the City of Ladies

Christine de Pizan's influential work

denounced many male writers who argued women by nature are not able to learn

What did the Book of the CIty of Ladies do?

learn; attend; schools; men

Christine de Pizan argued that women could \______ if they were able to \_____ the same \______ as \____.

Renaissance humanists; education; human beings

\_____ \___ believed that \_____ could change \____ \____ dramatically.

education; opened schools

Renaissance humanists wrote books on \______ & \_____ \____.