German Diction Vowels

everything (i think) for the first quiz

dipthongs

[ae] [ao] [ɔø]

mixed vowels

ü (open [y], close [Y], ö (open [ø], close [œ]

y

tongue i, lips u

Y

tongue I, lips U

ø

tongue e, lips o

œ

tongue 3, lips ɔ

close vowel

vowel is doubled, silent h, and before a single consonant

open vowel

before a double consonant

ç

ich-laut

x

ach-laut

glottal stop

slight interruption in flow of sound by [|], in between two words when second starts with a vowel

digraph

two or more consonants with a single sound (ch, ph, th)

eszett

orthographic symbol ß, pronounced as [s]

element

word, prefix, or suffix which forms a self contained unit

single consonant

v/cv

silent h

vh/v

multiple consonant

last consonant in second syllable

st

second syllable

common prefixes

ab, an, auf, aus, be, bei, da, dar, durch, ein, ent, er, fort, ge, her, hin, miß, nach, über, um, un, unter, ur, ver, vor, weg, zer, zu

common suffixes

bar, chen, haft, keit, lein, lich, los, nis, sal, sam, schaft, tum, wärts

unstressed e

[ə]

when use [:]

when a vowel is close and receives primary stress

ai, ay

[ae]

au

[ao]

ä + 1c

[3:]

ä + c+

[3]

äh

[3:]

äu

[ɔø]

monosyllable e + 1c

[3]

e + 1c

[e]

e + c+

[3]

er, her, prefix +1c

[3]

final letter

[ə]

suffix

[ə]

eh

[ə]

ei, ey

[ae]

eu

[ɔø]

stress i + 1c

[i]

i + c+

[I]

unstressed i

[I]

ie

[i:]

ih

[i:]

stress o + 1c

[o]

o + c+

[ɔ]

monosyllable o

[o:]

stress ö and oe + 1c

[ø]

ö and oe + c+

[oe]

öh

[ø]

stress u + 1c

[u:]

prefix um, zum

[U]

monosyllable u

[u:]

u + c+

[U]

uh

[u:]

ü and ue + 1c

[y:]

ü and ue + c+

[Y]

üh

[y:]