Module 10: History of Science and Technology in the Philippines

Importance of S&T for National Development

S&T is crucial for a nation’s growth; weak infrastructure hinders development.

Agham

A form of precolonial science in the Philippines, meaning knowledge of nature, intertwined with cultural beliefs.

Spanish Colonial Influence on S&T

Spanish friars documented precolonial science and established educational institutions, leading to advancements in education and technology.

Illustrados

Educated Filipinos advocating for reforms and equality, including key figures like José Rizal and Antonio Luna, who emphasized science for national identity.

The Moret Decree of 1871

Established medical and pharmacy faculties at UST, training Filipino physicians and advancing public health.

The Jesuit Observatory

Founded in 1865, it became a leading research institute for meteorology in the Philippines.

Faura Barometer

Invented by Father Federico Faura, allowing for accurate typhoon predictions.

Impact of S&T on National Identity

S&T served as a tool for freedom and societal advancement, shaping Filipino identity.

Cultural Understanding of Science

All cultures engage with science through technology and resource utilization; precolonial Filipinos had their form termed 'Agham'.

Original Meaning of Agham

Derived from Sanskrit 'agama', meaning 'approaching the truth'; reflects the religious understanding of science among Filipinos.

Documented Precolonial Science

Spanish friars were the first to document precolonial Filipino science in the 16th century.

Astronomy in Precolonial Philippines

Precolonial Filipinos tracked celestial movements and used star knowledge to inform agricultural practices.

Sociedad de los Amigos de Pais

Promoted agricultural and industrial innovation during Spanish colonial rule.

Moret Decree's Significance

Marked the establishment of modern medical education in the Philippines.

Impact of Jesuit Observatory

Served as the national weather bureau until WWII, influencing weather forecasting in Asia.

Role of the Ilustrados in Science

Symbolized enlightenment and reform, advocating for representation and educational advancement.

Rizal and Luna's Contributions

Key Ilustrados who furthered scientific education and research while promoting societal reform.