Final Questions

What is undercontrolled behaviour?

Excessive behaviour that is not appropriate/expected for their age

What disorders are considered as having undercontrolled behaviour?

ADHD, conduct disorder, autism, and oppositional defiance disorder

What is overcontrolled behaviour?

Inhibited/restricted behaviours

What disorders are considered as overcontrolled behaviour?

Separation anxiety, depression, social phobia, and autism

What’s the 3 diagnostic criteria for intellectual disability disorder?

IQ test score less than 70, age of onset before 18, and impairment of adaptive functioning

How is intellectual disability disorder classified?

Mild, moderate, severe, and profound

How does the classification differ between the DSM-IV-TV and the DSM-5?

In 4, it focused only on IQ while in 5, it focuses on both IQ and adaptive functioning to determine severity

What four communication disorders are there?

Language disorder, speech sound disorder, childhood onset fluency disorder, and social communication disorder

Describe language disorder

Difficulty expressing oneself through speech

Describe speech sound disorder

Pronunciation impacted and articulation is off.

Describe childhood onset fluency disorder

Frequent repetitions, repeating whole words, and disturbance of verbal fluency. Gettings words out is hard

Describe social communication disorder

Persistent difficulties in social use with verbal and non-verbal forms of communication

How is a collector different from a hoarder?

Selective in what they collect, more organized, can discard items, causes distress in daily lives, any age, and doesn’t meet the criteria for hoarding disorder

What are obsessions?

Unwanted, intrusive recurring thoughts, images, and/or impulses that cause distress. Irrational and uncontrollable. Attempts to ignore them cause anxiety

What are examples of obsessions?

Contamination/germs, thoughts of causing harm to self/others, symmetry

What are compulsions?

Repetitive behaviours/mental acts the person feels driven to do to reduce anxiety as a result of obsessive thoughts

What are examples of compulsions?

Cleaning their hands a lot, frequently having to check a door is locked

How are obsessions and compulsions different?

Obsessions cause anxiety, while compulsions can temporarily relieve anxiety

What obsessive-compulsion related disorders are there?

Hoarding disorder, trichotillomania, excoriation, and body dysmorphic disorder

Why are the related disorders to obsessive-compulsive disorder listed as “relative”?

They all involve repetitive behaviours associated with relieving some kind of anxiety

What are the 3 main components of Linehan’s dialetical behaviour therapy?

1. Modulating/controlling extreme emotional behaviour

2. Tolerate feeling distress

3. Trusting your own thoughts/emotions

Why is Linehan’s dialetical behaviour therapy thought to work?

It develops a sense of personal acceptance and understanding the need for change/growth in those behaviours

What are cluster A personality disorders described as?

Odd/eccentric

What are cluster B personality disorders described as?

Dramatic/emotional/erratic/hostile

What are cluster C personality disorders described as?

Fearful/dependent/perfectionist

What are the Cluster A personality disorders?

Paranoid, schizotypal, and schizoid

What are Cluster B personality disorders?

Borderline, narcissistic, histrionic, antisocial

What are the Cluster C personality disorders?

Obsessive compulsive, avoidant, and dependent

How is schizotypal personality disorder similar to schizophrenia?

Less gray matter, enlarged ventricles, similar interpersonal problems, similar cognitive limitations,

How is schizotypal personality disorder different to schizophrenia?

More frequent in men, higher prevalence, no avolition/anhedonia

How is paranoid personality disorder similar to schizophrenia?

Suspicious of others, jealous, some asociality

How is paranoid personality disorder different to schizophrenia?

Higher prevalence, less impairment in functioning, not many negative symptoms (no alogia/avolition/anhedonia)

How is schizoid personality disorder similar to schizophrenia?

Similar prevalence, limited ability to make social connections, many negative symptoms (avolition, anhedonia)

How is schizoid personality disorder different to schizophrenia?

More common in women, no alogia, no positive symptoms (no delusions, no hallucinations)

What’s the 3 levels of Beck’s Theory of Depression?

1. Negative triad (self, world, future)

2. Negative schemas triggered by negative life events

3. Cognitive biases

What’s the 4 cognitive biases?

1. Arbitrary inference

2. Selective abstraction

3. Overgeneralization

4. Magnification/minimization

What’s the central thesis of Beck’s Theory of Depression?

Depressed individuals feel depressed because their thinking is biased toward negative interpretations