Unit 6.3- Indigenous Reponses to State Expansion

Ghost Dance

A cult that tried to call the spirits of past warriors to inspire the young braves to fight. It was crushed at the Battle of Wounded Knee after spreading to the Dakota Sioux. The Ghost Dance led to the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887. This act tried to reform Indian tribes and turn them into "white" citizens. It did little good.

Significance of Ghost Dance

Fell out at the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890 marking the end of the Indian Wars. Foresaw removal of the Earth and help for the Paiule people as promise by their ancestors.

Indian National Congress

A movement and political party founded in 1885 by British-educated Indians to demand greater Indian participation in government. Its membership was middle class, and its demands were modest until World War I. Led after 1920 by Mohandas K. Gandhi, appealing to the poor.

Significance of the Indian National Congress

Led India to its independence from the UK, and significantly influenced other anti-colonial evolutionist movements in the British Empire

Treaty of Paris

agreement signed by British and American leaders that stated the United States of America was a free and independent contry

Significance of Treaty of Paris

Ended the Revolutionary War and finally recognized the U.S as an independent revolution

Maori Wars

A series of wars that took place from 1845 to 1872 between the New Zealand government and the native Maori people

Significance of the Maori Wars

Changed the force of New Zealand in the 19th century, decimating tribes and drastically shifting the boundaries of controlled areas

Pan-Africanism

the principle or advocacy of the political union of all the indigenous inhabitants of Africa led by Western-educated Africans

Significance of Pan-Africanism

Helped launch the struggle for the rights and equality for Africans in the diaspora

Xhosa Cattle Killing

S. Africa/ Xhosa people destroyed crops & killed 400,000 cattle b/c they believed it would cause the British to leave their land(similar to the Russian attack in winter) Backfired - thousands die of starvation