3. movement in and out of cells

diffusion

the net movement of particles from a region of their higher concentration to a region of their lower concentration (i.e. down a concentration. gradient), as a result of their random movement

osmosis

the net movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential, through a partially permeable membrane

osmosis in animal cells

Increasing solute concentration inside of cell can cause cell to explode as a result of it having too much water, crenation.

osmosis in plant cells

Increasing solute concentration inside of cell causes cell to become turgid.

active transport

Movement of particles through a cell membrane, from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration against a concentration gradient, using energy released during respiration