Medical Parasitology Lecture 4 - Zoonosis and Vector-borne parasitic infection (Flashcards)

Flashcards on Zoonosis and Vector-borne Parasitic Infections. Topics include: vector definitions, types of zoonosis and parasitic diseases, transmission information, and climate related information.

__ are insects that carry infectious agents such as protozoa, bacteria, and viruses.

Vectors

Arthropod, from the Greek, means __.

joint-footed

Arbo-diseases are diseases transmitted by __.

arthropods

For Arbo-diseases, the arthropod should be in close relationship with man, such as by __.

biting or sucking man

An arthropod vector should have a life span long enough for its __.

development or proliferation

Epidemiological evidence for arbo-diseases requires the geographic and seasonal distribution of the arthropod to be the same as the __.

arbo-disease

Laboratory evidence for vector judgment requires the arthropod to be infected with the __ by experimental methods.

pathogen

Natural infection evidence requires the pathogen to be examined from the arthropod at the __.

field

__ is any disease which may be passed from animals to people or vice versa.

Zoonotic disease

The term __ has been used to describe a disease transmissible from human to animal.

reverse zoonosis

One type of zoonosis is __ infections in which an animal or human is infected by the vector.

vector-borne

Infections in which animals act as a __ for disease transmission is a type of zoonosis.

reservoir

Transmission of zoonotic infections can occur through airborne, faecal-oral, direct contact, foodborne, or __ means.

arthropod vector

General classification of infectious zoonotic agents include viruses, bacteria, fungi, and __.

parasites

__ is a parasitic zoonotic disease affecting mammals, birds, and cattle.

Cryptosporidiosis

__, Roundworm, Hookworm and Whipworm are examples of parasitic zoonotic diseases.

Giardiasis

__ and Malaria are parasitic zoonotic diseases.

Naegleria fowleri

In Toxoplasmosis, both oocysts and tissue cysts transform into __ after ingestion.

tachyzoites

In Toxoplasmosis, tachyzoites localize in neural and muscle tissue and develop into tissue cyst __.

bradyzoites

For Toxoplasmosis, diagnoses can be performed by serological diagnosis or direct identification of the parasite from peripheral blood, amniotic fluid, or in __.

tissue sections

Common reservoirs for Toxoplasmosis are pigs, cats, rats, deer, and __.

lamb

For Giardiasis, the parasite is ingested as a __.

cyst

For Giardiasis, __ occurs, leading to multiplication of trophozoites.

excystation

With Naegleria fowleri, infection can occur by intranasal instillation of __.

amebae

Naegleria fowleri involves the __ stage found in CSF.

amebae

For Leishmania donovani, the sandfly injects the __ stage into the skin during a blood meal.

promastigote

In Leishmania donovani, promastigotes are phagocytized by __.

macrophages

In Leishmania donovani, amastigotes multiply in cells of various __.

tissues

For Trypanosomiasis brucei, __ multiply in the salivary gland of the Tsetse fly.

Epimastigotes

In Trypanosomiasis brucei, the Tsetse fly injects __ into the human.

metacyclic trypomastigotes

For Trypanosomiasis brucei, trypomastigotes multiply by binary fission in body fluids such as blood, lymph, and __.

spinal fluid

For Trypanosomiasis cruzi, the Triatomine bug passes metacyclic trypomastigotes in __.

feces

In Trypanosomiasis cruzi, metacyclic trypomastigotes penetrate cells and transform into __.

amastigotes

In Trypanosomiasis cruzi, amastigotes multiply by __ in cells of infected tissue.

binary fission

In Plasmodium spp, the mosquito injects __ into the human.

sporozoites

The Sporogonic Cycle related to the transmission of Plasmodium spp. takes place in the __.

Mosquito

For Wuchereria bancrofti, the mosquito takes a blood meal and L3 larvae enter the __.

skin

With Wuchereria bancrofti, adults are found in __.

lymphatics

With Wuchereria bancrofti, adults produce sheathed microfilariae that migrate into lymph and __ channels.

blood

Trichinella spiralis involves carnivorism and ingestion of __.

undercooked meat

For Trichinella spiralis, larva are released in the __.

small intestine

For Trichinella spiralis, the larvae are deposited in the __.

mucosa

An example of a hard tick (Ixodidae) associated disease is __.

forest encephalitis

__ are vectors of the disease Kala-azar/visceral leishmaniasis.

Sandflies

__ are vectors of the plague.

Fleas

Lice are vectors of epidemic typhus and __.

lice-borne relapsing fever

Climate, altitude, travel, diet, and culture are factors relating to climate and __.

vector-borne parasitic diseases

__ management reduces resting/growing fields and reduces the arthropod population.

Environmental

Environmental management and __ help control vector borne diseases by reducing resting/growing fields and arthropod population.

sanitation

Bed-nets are a useful __ measure to avoid mosquito bites.

physical

DDT is a __ measure used to control vector borne diseases.

chemical