US History Final Exam: All Three Tests Combined

The official U.S policy at the start of WWII was neutrality

True

The US refused entry to some Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany

True

The Manhattan project was the secret plan to land troops in Normandy

False, the Manhattan project was the development of the atomic bomb showcased the U.S.'s scientific and industrial power.

More people were killed during WWII than any other was in history

True

WWII led to increased employment for women and minorities

True

The Yalta conference is when the allies decided how to divide up Germany

True

The allied Powers during WWII included

England, France, US

the axis powers during WWII included

Germany, Italy, Japan

The Double V campaign

urged victory over both overseas enemies and racial discrimination in the US

What is internationalism

the idea that trade between nations creates prosperity and helps prevent war

The Atlantic Charter was an agreement between:

Roosevelt and Churchill

The Doolittle raids

involved the bombing of Tokyo, with pilots crash-landing in China afterwards

The battle that turned the tide of the war in the Pacific was

Battle of Midway

"A date that will live in infamy" infers to

the bombing of pearl harbor

Which incident gets the US involved militarily in WWII, and when did it happen

Pearl Harbor, December 7th, 1941

What were the Victory Gardens and what was their significant

People grew their own food, so mass-produced supplies could go to soldiers, making them feel involved in the war effort.

What did Gen. MacArthur famously say as he was going to do after Japan pushed the US out of the Philippines

"I came through, and I shall come back"

What were Kamikaze pilots and what did their presence indicate about the atmosphere in Japan in 1944 and '45

Kamikaze pilots crashed into enemy ships, sacrificing themselves, showing Japan's desperation to win the war.

What was done to Japanese Americans on the West Coast during WWII and what did this action indicate about the atmosphere in the US in 1942

Japanese Americans were sent to harsh internment camps, losing lives, homes, and businesses, showing the U.S. prioritized national security over civil liberties, as seen in Korematsu v. U.S..

Explain the significance of either the D-Day invasion or the Battle of the Bulge

D-Day: The Allies invaded Nazi-occupied France, weakening Germany and speeding up their defeat.

Battle of the Bulge: Germany's last big attack failed, draining their resources and pushing the war toward its end.

Why did the Soviet Union resent the credit the US received for defeating the Nazis

The Soviet Union suffered huge losses fighting the Nazis but felt ignored when the U.S. got most of the credit. Cold War tensions also made the West reluctant to highlight Soviet victories.

How did the executive order signed by Roosevelt regarding WWII affect racial discrimination?

justified racial discrimination by authorizing the forced relocation of over 120,000 Japanese Americans to internment camps, stripping them of their rights and property.

The first two countries helped under the Truman Doctrine were Greece and Turkey

True

The Berlin wall separated East Germany from West Germany

False, The Berlin Wall separated West Berlin from East Berlin, not all of West Germany from East Germany

President Truman integrated the military during Korean War

True

A goal of the Bay of Pigs was to remove Cuban leader Fidel Castro

True

The Geneva Accords were intended to permanently divide Vietnam in half

True

After the US withdrew from Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Burma became communist

False, Cambodia and Laos did become communist, but Thailand and Burma did not

The Iron Curtain was a term used to describe

the division of Europe into communist and capitalists/democratic sections

The United States supported the replacement of leaders from nations of

Iran and Guatemala

The Trumans Administration loyalty program

investigated federal employees for their service

When president Kennedy arrived in West Berlin to give a speech, he was

treated as a hero

All of the following were part of the solution to the Cuban missile crisis except

The soviets would allow more freedom of movement from East to West Berlin

Who was the leader of North Vietnam

Ho Chi Minh

The Gulf of Tonkin incident and the Pentagon Papers both revealed that

The presidents didn't always tell the American people the truth about Vietnam

Vietnamization was

Vietnamization was the U.S. strategy to gradually withdraw American troops from Vietnam and replace them with South Vietnamese forces, so they could take over their own defense.

Why is the cold war called the cold war

Little or no direct fighting between the US and the Soviets even though there was an increase in tension

According to communist theory, why is capitalism a necessary step toward the development of communism

Capitalism creates wealth but also inequality. According to communist theory, this inequality leads workers to revolt, replacing capitalism with socialism, and eventually communism, where resources are shared equally

Explain the United stated policy of containment

The U.S. policy of containment aimed to stop the spread of communism during the Cold War. Instead of directly fighting the Soviet Union, the U.S. used economic aid, alliances, and military support to help countries resist communist influence

Why is the Cuban missile crisis considered a major event during the Cold War

The Cuban Missile Crisis was a major Cold War event because the U.S. and Soviet Union nearly went to nuclear war. The U.S. discovered Soviet nuclear missiles secretly placed in Cuba, just 90 miles from the U.S. coast

What was Gen MacArthur's plan regarding China during the Korean War and why didn't President Truman approve of his plan

MacArthur wanted to attack China during the Korean War, including bombing cities and using atomic weapons. Truman rejected this plan because he feared it would start World War III and wanted to limit the war to Korea.

Why did the US armed forces in Vietnam, at least initially, consist mostly of men from lower socio-economic classes

At first, the U.S. armed forces in Vietnam mostly included men from lower socio-economic classes because they had fewer ways to avoid the draft.

What effect did Vietnam war have on the 1968 presidential campaign

The Vietnam War shaped the 1968 election as many Americans were frustrated and protests grew. President Johnson chose not to run, Nixon promised to end the war, and Humphrey struggled due to his ties to Johnson's policies. Protests at the Democratic National Convention showed deep divisions, making Vietnam policy a key election issue.

Aside from national pride, why did the space race matter

it drove scientific and technological advancements, shaped global politics, and influenced economic growth.

Henry Kissinger was an important adviser to presidents, Nixon, ford, and Carter

False, Only President Nixon and Ford

Ping Pong diplomacy referred to cultural exchanged between the US and China

True

The first US president to visit China was Richard Nixon

True

The Helsinki Accords established Peace between Israel and Egypt

False, this was the Camp David Accords

Mikhail Gorbachev favored reforms and more freedom in the Soviet Union

True

President Reagan won by a landslide in both the 1980 and 1984 elections

True

For many of the people, the fall of the Berlin Wall signified the end of the cold war

True

Hundreds of thousands of people demonstrated for democracy in Beijing in 1989

True

In establishing relations with China during the early 1970s, the US

recognized the communist government led by Mao Zedong as the rightful government of China

the US boycotted the 1980s summer Olympics, leading to the soviet's union boycotting the 1984 summer Olympics

True

Jimmy Carters presidency was marred by

Iranian hostage crisis

The Iranian hostage crisis occurred, in part, because

Iranians suspected the US was going to try to restore the Shah to power

Peace Through Strength

Was Ronald Reagans policy of building up the US military to gain leverage against the Soviet Union

In the Iranian contra scandal, the United States was aiding the revels in

Nicaragua

Lech Walesa and Vaclav Havel led anti-communist movements and became presidents in 1990.

Poland and Czechoslovakia

Star Wars Defense System

1. designed to use satellites in space to shoot down soviet missiles

2. was extremely expensive

3. worried soviets because they didn't have a similar defensive weapon

Define detente and explain how to applies to the Cold War during the 1970s

détente refers to the easing of tensions between nations. The U.S. and Soviet Union demonstrated détente through agreements like SALT I, which limited nuclear missiles and helped reduce hostilities

Compare President Reagan's approach to the soviet union during his first term as president to his approach during his second term

1. During his first term, Reagan took a tough stance on the Soviet Union, increasing military spending and calling it an "evil empire."

2. In his second term, he shifted to diplomacy, working with Gorbachev to reduce nuclear weapons and ease tensions, leading to agreements like the INF Treaty.

What is the meaning of glasnost and perestroika

Glasnost means "openness"—it allowed freedom of speech, government transparency, and public discussion of political and social issues.

Perestroika means "restructuring"—it aimed to reform the Soviet economy, reduce government control, and introduce market-like policies to improve productivity.

Explain how the Reagan doctrine was a change from the containment policy

Containment: aimed to stop the spread of communism by supporting allies and resisting Soviet expansion without direct confrontation.

Reagan Doctrine went further by actively supporting anti-communist movements worldwide, providing military and financial aid to groups fighting Soviet-backed governments

allowing communism fall apart on its own vs actively trying to reverse it.

Why didn't President Invasion of Grenada violate the War Powers act?

Reagan's administration argued it was a rescue mission for U.S. citizens, since most troops withdrew within 60 days