The Atom - vocab. (Highschool Chemistry.)

Proton.

positively charged particle in the nucleus of an atom.

Mass of a proton = 1.672622 X 10^-27 kg.

Neutron.

net neutral particle in the nucleus of on atom.

Mass of neutron = 1.674927 X 10^-27 kg. It is slightly more massive than protons.

protons and neutron together are called….

nucleons.

Nucleons are made up of

quarks.

how many flavors of quarks are there?

6.

what are the flavors of quarks called?

up - down

top - bottom

charm - strange

what quarks are protons made up of?

up and down quarks.

up, up, down quarks.

+2/3 + +2/3 + -1/3 = +3/3 = +1

What quarks are neutrons made up of?

up and down quarks.

down, down, up quarks.

-1/3 + -1/3 + 2/3 = 0

what net charge do up quarks have?

they have a net charge of +2/3

what net charge do down quarks have?

-1/3

do neutrons have any net charge?

no, they do not have any net charge but the quarks that do have charge.

What are Electrons?

negatively charged particle that “orbits” the nucleus of the atom. It is a fundamental particle so it is not made up of other particles.

Mass of electron = 9.109384 X 10^-31 kg.

atoms are mostly…

empty space.

the volume of the atom is mostly do to….

the electrons.

isotopes

isotopes are atoms with the same atomic number (Same amount of protons.) but a different number of neutrons.

Ions

atoms that have lost or gained electrons so the number of protons and the number of electrons are not the same.

what are the two types of Ions?

Cations and anions.

what are cations?

cations are pawsitively charged ions. they become positively charged when atoms lose electrons.

what are anions?

anions are negatively charged ions. they become negatively charged when atoms gain electrons. anions look like onions. and onions make you cry. so negatively.