Biology End Term 2 Review Grade 11

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to the Nervous System and Human Reproduction from the Grade 11 Biology curriculum.

Nervous System

The body system that regulates and coordinates body functions through the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

Central Nervous System

Composed of the brain and spinal cord; it processes information and controls responses.

Peripheral Nervous System

The part of the nervous system that includes all the nerves that branch out from the brain and spinal cord.

Neuron

A specialized cell that transmits nerve impulses; consists of a cell body, dendrites, and an axon.

Dendrites

Branched extensions of a neuron that receive stimulus or impulses.

Axon

The long, threadlike part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body.

Myelin Sheath

A fatty layer that insulates and protects the axon, enabling faster transmission of impulses.

Synapse

The junction between two neurons where impulses are transmitted via neurotransmitters.

Reflex Arc

The neural pathway that mediates a reflex action; involves sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons.

Choroid

The layer of vascular tissue beneath the sclera that prevents light reflection inside the eye.

Accommodation

The ability of the eye's lens to change shape for focusing on near and far objects.

Corpus Luteum

A hormone-secreting structure that develops in the ovary after ovulation.

Estrogen

A female hormone produced by the ovaries, responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics.

Progesterone

A hormone produced by the corpus luteum that prepares the uterine lining for pregnancy.

Menstrual Cycle

A monthly cycle of hormonal changes in females, involving the preparation of the uterus for potential pregnancy.

Neurotransmitter

Chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another.

Sclera

The tough, white outer coating of the eye that provides protection and structure.