Ch_05_Lecture_on_Inheritance

What is the fundamental concept that states all living organisms consist of cells?

Cell Theory: All life is cellular, and all cells arise from preexisting cells.

What are the three purposes of cell division?

Growth, Repair, and Reproduction.

What are the two types of reproduction in cell division?

Asexual and Sexual Reproduction.

What binds to proteins to form chromosomes?

Nucleic Acids.

How many chromosomes do humans have in every cell?

46 chromosomes.

What is the term for the process of cell division in which cells make copies of themselves?

Mitosis.

What are sister chromatids?

Duplicated chromosomes that are paired together.

What are the two broad phases of the cell cycle?

Interphase and Mitotic phase.

What happens during the mitotic phase of the cell cycle?

Active cell division occurs, resulting in two genetically identical offspring cells.

Which phase of the cell cycle represents 90% of a cell’s lifetime?

Interphase.

What process involves the division of the cytoplasm between daughter cells?

Cytokinesis.

What is the difference in cytokinesis between plant and animal cells?

In animal cells, the parent cell is pinched into two, while in plant cells, a cell plate forms.

What is cancer in terms of cell division?

Loss of control of mitosis leading to unregulated cell division.

What cells are produced by meiosis?

Gametes (sperm and egg cells) that are haploid.

What is the difference between diploid and haploid cells?

Diploid cells have two copies of each chromosome, while haploid cells have one copy.

What is independent assortment in meiosis?

The random shuffling of maternal and paternal chromosomes during gamete formation.

What is crossing over?

The process where paired chromosomes swap genetic material during meiosis.

What syndrome is caused by a deletion on chromosome 5?

Cri du Chat syndrome.

What is nondisjunction and what can it result in?

Failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis, leading to abnormalities like Down syndrome.

What are the sex chromosomes for females and males?

Females are XX and Males are XY.

What effect does age have on the probability of having a child with Down syndrome?

The age of the mother influences the probability of nondisjunction errors.

What is Turner syndrome characterized by?

A missing X chromosome leading to various physical abnormalities.

Which cell division process results in genetically unique offspring?

Meiosis.

What is the main role of mitosis in sexual reproduction?

Development and growth of the offspring.